Turner, Rim, Betz, and Nygren (2012) have recently proposed a new maxi terjemahan - Turner, Rim, Betz, and Nygren (2012) have recently proposed a new maxi Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Turner, Rim, Betz, and Nygren (2012

Turner, Rim, Betz, and Nygren (2012) have recently proposed a new maximizing scale that consists of three factors (i.e., satisficing, decision difficulty, and alternative search) called the Maximization Inventory (MI).
Turner et al. showed that the MI is superior psychometrically to the MS. The MI does not correlate highly with the MS and the MTS. In regards to the decision difficulty factor and the MTS the correlation is essentially zero. A great benefit of the MI is that one of the factors consists of items that measure satisficing. We believe this is an important advancement in the maximizing literature. The data do not support the assumption that maximizing and satisficing are on opposite ends of a continuum and therefore developing a satisficing measures is extremely important. Because their paper was published after our data collection we are unable to compare their scale with our revised scales quantitatively and therefore will focus on more qualitative issues.
First as a practical matter, the two factors in Turner et al. (2012) scale measuring maximizing uses 24-items, whereas the Revised MTS is only 6-items and the Revised Short MS is only 7-items. Although, there are tradeoffs between parsimony and construct deficiency, we believe the Revised MTS is not construct deficient for the construct it is stated to measure. Specifically, Diab et al. (2010) state that their scale is meant to measure the goal of optimization and we believe that it does measure that construct sufficiently and is a very parsimonious scale.
However, as we have discussed the definition of what is maximizing is elusive. Therefore, if one wants to measure restlessness and the difficulty in maximizing then the MTS suffers from construct deficiency. The MI appears to be measuring restlessness and difficulty in maximizing, particularly with the items in the decision difficulty factor. Not surprisingly, the items in the decision difficulty and alternative search factors are very similar to the items in the items in the original MS-D and MS-A fac- tors (Schwartz et al., 2002). However, their items are not about specific behaviors, but rather frame the items in more general behaviors. This is a benefit of the MI because the MS contain questions about specific behaviors that may now be outdated such as renting videos, and writing letters. Although they did not use the same regret scale that previous studies have used, including the current study, these factors were significantly related to regret.
Decision difficulty was negatively related to generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. However, it was unrelated to happiness. Turner et al. (2012) did not compare their scale to the shortened MS scale by Nenkov et al. (2008) and did not examine their scales against the MS broken down by the three factors. In addition, they did not use the same measures of well-being we used in our study, but overall decision difficulty showed similar results to the MS in our study. However, except for regret, alternative search was generally unrelated to the measures of well-being. Tentatively, it appears the MI is a more psychometrically sound measure of maximizing behavior as defined by Schwartz et al. (2002) and has the added benefit of measuring satisficing directly. However, our Revised MTS provides a psychometrically sound unidi- mensional and global measure of maximization as an optimization goal which is in line with Simon (1955; 1956) that is also more parsimonious than previous measures. Therefore, now that we have two psychometrically sound measures of maximizing, more experimental work needs to be conducted to examine the differences between these definitions of maximizing.
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Turner, Rim, Betz, and Nygren (2012) have recently proposed a new maximizing scale that consists of three factors (i.e., satisficing, decision difficulty, and alternative search) called the Maximization Inventory (MI).Turner et al. showed that the MI is superior psychometrically to the MS. The MI does not correlate highly with the MS and the MTS. In regards to the decision difficulty factor and the MTS the correlation is essentially zero. A great benefit of the MI is that one of the factors consists of items that measure satisficing. We believe this is an important advancement in the maximizing literature. The data do not support the assumption that maximizing and satisficing are on opposite ends of a continuum and therefore developing a satisficing measures is extremely important. Because their paper was published after our data collection we are unable to compare their scale with our revised scales quantitatively and therefore will focus on more qualitative issues.First as a practical matter, the two factors in Turner et al. (2012) scale measuring maximizing uses 24-items, whereas the Revised MTS is only 6-items and the Revised Short MS is only 7-items. Although, there are tradeoffs between parsimony and construct deficiency, we believe the Revised MTS is not construct deficient for the construct it is stated to measure. Specifically, Diab et al. (2010) state that their scale is meant to measure the goal of optimization and we believe that it does measure that construct sufficiently and is a very parsimonious scale.However, as we have discussed the definition of what is maximizing is elusive. Therefore, if one wants to measure restlessness and the difficulty in maximizing then the MTS suffers from construct deficiency. The MI appears to be measuring restlessness and difficulty in maximizing, particularly with the items in the decision difficulty factor. Not surprisingly, the items in the decision difficulty and alternative search factors are very similar to the items in the items in the original MS-D and MS-A fac- tors (Schwartz et al., 2002). However, their items are not about specific behaviors, but rather frame the items in more general behaviors. This is a benefit of the MI because the MS contain questions about specific behaviors that may now be outdated such as renting videos, and writing letters. Although they did not use the same regret scale that previous studies have used, including the current study, these factors were significantly related to regret.Decision difficulty was negatively related to generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. However, it was unrelated to happiness. Turner et al. (2012) did not compare their scale to the shortened MS scale by Nenkov et al. (2008) and did not examine their scales against the MS broken down by the three factors. In addition, they did not use the same measures of well-being we used in our study, but overall decision difficulty showed similar results to the MS in our study. However, except for regret, alternative search was generally unrelated to the measures of well-being. Tentatively, it appears the MI is a more psychometrically sound measure of maximizing behavior as defined by Schwartz et al. (2002) and has the added benefit of measuring satisficing directly. However, our Revised MTS provides a psychometrically sound unidi- mensional and global measure of maximization as an optimization goal which is in line with Simon (1955; 1956) that is also more parsimonious than previous measures. Therefore, now that we have two psychometrically sound measures of maximizing, more experimental work needs to be conducted to examine the differences between these definitions of maximizing.
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Turner, Rim, Betz, dan Nygren (2012) baru-baru ini mengusulkan skala memaksimalkan baru yang terdiri dari tiga faktor (yaitu, satisficing, keputusan kesulitan, dan pencarian alternatif) disebut Maksimalisasi Inventory (MI).
Turner et al. menunjukkan bahwa MI lebih unggul psychometrically ke MS. MI tidak berkorelasi sangat dengan MS dan MTS. Berkenaan dengan faktor kesulitan keputusan dan MTS korelasi pada dasarnya adalah nol. Satu manfaat besar dari MI adalah bahwa salah satu faktor terdiri dari item yang mengukur satisficing. Kami percaya ini merupakan kemajuan penting dalam literatur memaksimalkan. Data tidak mendukung asumsi bahwa memaksimalkan dan satisficing berada di ujung-ujung kontinum dan karena itu mengembangkan langkah-langkah satisficing sangat penting. Karena kertas mereka diterbitkan setelah pengumpulan data kami kami tidak dapat membandingkan mereka dengan skala timbangan direvisi kami kuantitatif dan karena itu akan fokus pada isu-isu yang lebih kualitatif.
Pertama sebagai hal praktis, dua faktor di Turner et al. (2012) memaksimalkan skala pengukuran menggunakan 24 item, sedangkan Revisi MTS hanya 6-item dan Revisi Pendek MS hanya 7-item. Meskipun, ada timbal balik antara penghematan dan membangun kekurangan, kami percaya Revisi MTS tidak membangun kekurangan untuk membangun dinyatakan untuk mengukur. Secara khusus, Diab et al. (2010) menyatakan bahwa skala mereka dimaksudkan untuk mengukur tujuan optimasi dan kami percaya bahwa hal itu mengukur bahwa membangun cukup dan skala yang sangat pelit.
Namun, seperti yang telah kita bahas definisi apa yang memaksimalkan sulit dipahami. Oleh karena itu, jika seseorang ingin mengukur kegelisahan dan kesulitan dalam memaksimalkan maka MTS menderita defisiensi konstruk. MI tampaknya mengukur kegelisahan dan kesulitan dalam memaksimalkan, terutama dengan item dalam faktor kesulitan keputusan. Tidak mengherankan, item dalam kesulitan keputusan dan faktor pencarian alternatif yang sangat mirip dengan item dalam item dalam MS-D asli dan MS-A faktor-faktor (Schwartz et al., 2002). Namun, barang-barang mereka tidak tentang perilaku tertentu, melainkan bingkai item dalam perilaku yang lebih umum. Ini adalah manfaat dari MI karena MS mengandung pertanyaan tentang perilaku tertentu yang mungkin sekarang sudah ketinggalan zaman seperti menyewa video, dan menulis surat. Meskipun mereka tidak menggunakan skala penyesalan yang sama bahwa studi sebelumnya telah digunakan, termasuk studi saat ini, faktor-faktor ini secara signifikan terkait dengan menyesal.
Kesulitan Keputusan negatif terkait dengan umum self-efficacy, harga diri, dan optimisme. Namun, itu tidak terkait dengan kebahagiaan. Turner et al. (2012) tidak membandingkan skala mereka untuk MS skala disingkat dengan Nenkov dkk. (2008) dan tidak memeriksa sisik mereka terhadap MS dipecah oleh tiga faktor. Selain itu, mereka tidak menggunakan langkah-langkah yang sama dari kesejahteraan kita digunakan dalam penelitian kami, tapi kesulitan keputusan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan MS dalam penelitian kami. Namun, kecuali penyesalan, pencarian alternatif umumnya tidak berhubungan dengan ukuran kesejahteraan. Tentatif, tampaknya MI adalah ukuran suara yang lebih psychometrically memaksimalkan perilaku seperti yang didefinisikan oleh Schwartz et al. (2002) dan memiliki manfaat tambahan untuk mengukur satisficing langsung. Namun, Revisi MTS kami menyediakan unidi- ukuran mensional dan global psychometrically suara maksimalisasi sebagai tujuan optimasi yang sejalan dengan Simon (1955; 1956) yang juga lebih pelit dari langkah-langkah sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, sekarang kita memiliki dua ukuran psychometrically suara memaksimalkan, pekerjaan lebih eksperimental perlu dilakukan untuk menguji perbedaan antara definisi ini memaksimalkan.
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