767
01:20:24,152 --> 01:20:25,915
we see that there are huge
768
01:20:27,088 --> 01:20:31,149
volcanic eruptions,
massive, explosive eruptions that produced
769
01:20:31,693 --> 01:20:33,661
thousands of cubic miles of pumice,
770
01:20:33,762 --> 01:20:37,562
showering large parts of the Earth
with fine ash,
771
01:20:38,033 --> 01:20:42,026
and these have been demonstrated
to have had a strong impact on climate,
772
01:20:42,504 --> 01:20:45,996
and one of the biggest of these events,
74,000 years ago,
773
01:20:46,408 --> 01:20:49,502
has been argued even to have affected
our human ancestors
774
01:20:49,611 --> 01:20:51,511
and may have played an important role in
775
01:20:51,880 --> 01:20:55,316
the origins and dispersaI of early humans.
776
01:20:58,653 --> 01:21:02,851
So these events will recur, and I think
the more we understand about them,
777
01:21:02,958 --> 01:21:07,486
the better we can prepare for
their eventuality.
778
01:21:12,400 --> 01:21:17,394
HERZOG: For this and many other reasons,
our presence on this planet
779
01:21:17,639 --> 01:21:20,472
does not seem to be sustainable.
780
01:21:20,575 --> 01:21:25,569
Our technologicaI civilization makes us
particularly vulnerable.
781
01:21:27,048 --> 01:21:31,576
There is talk all over the scientific
community about climate change.
782
01:21:32,954 --> 01:21:37,789
Many of them agree the end of human life
on this Earth is assured.
783
01:21:40,862 --> 01:21:44,628
Human life is part of
an endless chain of catastrophes,
784
01:21:45,100 --> 01:21:49,298
the demise of the dinosaurs being just
one of these events.
785
01:21:50,972 --> 01:21:53,202
We seem to be next.
786
01:21:59,347 --> 01:22:04,614
And when we are gone, what will happen
thousands of years from now in the future?
787
01:22:08,056 --> 01:22:11,492
Will there be alien archeologists
from another planet
788
01:22:11,826 --> 01:22:16,058
trying to find out what we were doing
at the South Pole?
789
01:22:18,400 --> 01:22:23,235
They will descend into the tunnels
that we had dug deep under the pole.
790
01:22:25,407 --> 01:22:31,175
It is still minus 70 degrees here,
and that's why this place has outlived
791
01:22:31,313 --> 01:22:33,838
all the large cities in the world.
792
01:22:37,519 --> 01:22:39,419
They walk on and on.
793
01:22:59,107 --> 01:23:00,631
And then this.
794
01:23:01,209 --> 01:23:06,112
As if we had wanted to leave one remnant
of our presence on this planet,
795
01:23:06,715 --> 01:23:11,118
they would find a frozen sturgeon,
mysteriously hidden away
796
01:23:11,619 --> 01:23:15,646
beneath the mathematically precise
true South Pole.
797
01:23:36,544 --> 01:23:41,481
They stash it back away
into its frozen shrine for another eternity.
798
01:23:44,753 --> 01:23:48,849
And then they find more,
memories of a world once green.
799
01:23:52,460 --> 01:23:57,727
As if the human race wanted to preserve
at least some lost beauty of this Earth,
800
01:23:58,199 --> 01:24:02,602
they left this,
framed in a garland of frozen popcorn.
801
01:24:12,981 --> 01:24:15,575
Back at the base camp of Mount Erebus,
802
01:24:20,388 --> 01:24:22,982
due to the considerable altitude,
803
01:24:23,324 --> 01:24:27,226
once in a while the volcanologists
need medicaI care.
804
01:24:31,332 --> 01:24:33,926
But soon we find them back at work.
805
01:25:42,137 --> 01:25:44,128
My face is frozen.
806
01:26:23,811 --> 01:26:25,779
Quite cold up here today.
807
01:26:31,920 --> 01:26:36,755
Just by having that fantastic lava lake
down there with all that energy,
808
01:26:37,025 --> 01:26:41,928
we still have to bring old petrol generators
up to the crater rim.
809
01:26:53,741 --> 01:26:59,441
Man versus Machine, Chapter 53.
Professor Clive Oppenheimer on Erebus.
810
01:27:01,549 --> 01:27:05,747
Hands in pockets,
waiting for it to start spontaneously.
811
01:27:07,155 --> 01:27:09,487
He could be waiting a long time.
812
01:27:10,925 --> 01:27:14,793
Have you ever seen two men kiss
on the top of Erebus before?
813
01:27:14,896 --> 01:27:16,659
(BOTH LAUGHING)
814
01:27:16,764 --> 01:27:18,322
OPPENHEIMER: Pushing back the frontiers.
815
01:27:18,433 --> 01:27:20,060
It's R-18, okay?
816
01:27:22,637 --> 01:27:24,628
I like working with Harry.
817
01:27:29,744 --> 01:27:32,110
HERZOG: Along the slopes of the volcano
818
01:27:32,347 --> 01:27:38,479
there are vents where steam creates
so-called fumaroles, bizarre chimneys of ice,
819
01:27:38,820 --> 01:27:41,755
sometimes reaching two stories in height.
820
01:27:49,631 --> 01:27:52,691
It is possible to descend into some of them.
821
01:27:54,636 --> 01:27:59,972
You only have to be carefuI
to avoid the ones containing toxic gasses.
822
01:31:11,799 --> 01:31:15,200
At the foot of Erebus, out on the sea ice,
823
01:31:15,303 --> 01:31:19,171
the two tallest buildings on this continent
are located.
824
01:31:19,907 --> 01:31:23,775
In these hangars,
scientific payloads are being readied
825
01:31:23,911 --> 01:31:26,937
for their balloon launch
into the stratosphere.
826
01:31:40,862 --> 01:31:44,593
We were interested in
the neutrino detection project.
827
01:31:44,699 --> 01:31:48,362
Scientists are planning
to lift an observation instrument
828
01:31:48,469 --> 01:31:51,734
40 kilometers up into the stratosphere
829
01:31:51,839 --> 01:31:55,900
in search of almost
undetectable subatomic particles.
830
01:31:59,146 --> 01:32:00,579
(ALL CHEERING)
831
01:32:02,350 --> 01:32:07,413
As it rises, this small-looking bubble
of helium will expand
832
01:32:07,588 --> 01:32:12,082
to fill the entire skin,
which here still looks like a white rope.
833
01:32:13,127 --> 01:32:18,793
It will eventually form a gigantic globe
more than 300 feet in diameter.
834
01:32:21,002 --> 01:32:23,095
When it reaches the stratosphere,
835
01:32:23,204 --> 01:32:27,197
the detector will scan
thousands of square miles of ice
836
01:32:27,308 --> 01:32:32,075
without encountering electricaI
disturbances from the inhabited world.
837
01:32:33,247 --> 01:32:37,581
Prior to the launch,
we were inside the hangar.
838
01:32:37,685 --> 01:32:42,588
The neutrino project is led by
Dr: Gorham of the University of Hawaii.
839
01:32:42,823 --> 01:32:48,386
So, what we're trying to do
with this instrument is to be the first
840
01:32:48,496 --> 01:32:53,559
scientific group to detect the highest
energy neutrinos in the universe, we hope.
841
01:32:54,068 --> 01:32:57,868
HERZOG: Yeah, but, Dr. Gorham,
what exactly is a neutrino?
842
01:32:58,539 --> 01:33:03,306
The neutrino is:. It's the most ridiculous
particle you could imagine.
843
01:33:03,544 --> 01:33:07,640
A billion neutrinos went through my nose
as we were talking.
844
01:33:07,915 --> 01:33:11,316
A trillion, a trillion of them
went through my nose just now,
845
01:33:11,419 --> 01:33:13,182
and they did nothing to me.
846
01:33:13,287 --> 01:33:16,984
They pass through all of the matter
around us continuously,
847
01:33:17,258 --> 01:33:22,423
in a huge, huge blast of particles
that does nothing at all.
848
01:33:22,730 --> 01:33:26,598
They're like:.
They almost exist in a separate universe,
849
01:33:26,701 --> 01:33:28,794
but we know, as physicists,
we can measure them,
850
01:33:28,903 --> 01:33:33,272
we can make precision predictions
and measurements. They exist,
851
01:33:33,374 --> 01:33:36,036
but we can't get our hands on them,
852
01:33:36,143 --> 01:33:38,976
because they seem to just exist
in another place,
853
01:33:39,413 --> 01:33:44,373
and yet without neutrinos, the beginning
of the universe would not have worked.
854
01:33:44,619 --> 01:33:47,144
We would not have the matter
that we have today,
855
01:33:47,254 --> 01:33:50,189
because you couldn't create
the elements without the neutrinos.
856
01:33:50,291 --> 01:33:53,852
In the very, very earliest few seconds
of the big bang,
857
01:33:53,961 --> 01:33:57,522
the neutrinos were the dominant particle,
and they actually determined
858
01:33:57,632 --> 01:34:02,126
much of the kinetics of the production
of the elements we know.
859
01:34:02,236 --> 01:34:05,262
So, the universe can't exist the way it is
without the neutrinos,
860
01:34:05,406 --> 01:34:08,967
but they seem
to be in their own separate universe,
861
01:34:09,076 --> 01:34:12,045
and we're trying to actually
make contact with that
862
01:34:12,146 --> 01:34:14,740
otherworldly universe of neutrinos.
863
01:34:15,916 --> 01:34:19,408
And as a physicist, even though
864
01:34:20,388 --> 01:34:24,449
I understand it mathematically
and I understand it intellectually,
865
01:34:24,592 --> 01:34:26,685
it still hits me in the gut
866
01:34:27,261 --> 01:34:30,662
that there is something here around
867
01:34:30,765 --> 01:34:34,565
surrounding me almost like
some kind of spirit or god
868
01:34:34,669 --> 01:34:36,500
that I can't touch,
869
01:34:36,837 --> 01:34:39,397
but I can measure it.
870
01:34:39,507 --> 01:34:40,633
I can make a measurement.
871
01:34:40,741 --> 01:34:44,006
It's like measuring the spirit world
or something like that.
872
01:34:44,111 --> 01:34:46,671
You can go out and touch these things.
873
01:34:48,182 --> 01:34:52,676
HERZOG: Not surprisingly, we found
this incantation in Hawaiian language
874
01:34:52,787 --> 01:34:5
Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
76701:20:24, 152--> 01:20:25, 915kita melihat bahwa ada besar76801:20:27, 088--> 01:20:31, 149letusan gunung berapi,letusan besar, ledakan yang dihasilkan76901:20:31, 693--> 01:20:33, 661ribuan kilometer kubik batu apung,77001:20:33, 762--> 01:20:37, 562mandi besar bagian bumidengan halus abu,77101:20:38, 033--> 01:20:42, 026dan ini telah dibuktikantelah memiliki dampak yang kuat pada iklim,77201:20:42, 504--> 01:20:45, 996dan salah satu yang terbesar dari peristiwa ini,74.000 tahun yang lalu,77301:20:46, 408--> 01:20:49, 502telah menyatakan bahkan untuk mempengaruhinenek moyang kita manusia77401:20:49, 611--> 01:20:51, 511dan mungkin memainkan peran penting dalam77501:20:51, 880--> 01:20:55, 316asal-usul dan dispersaI awal manusia.77601:20:58, 653--> 01:21:02, 851Jadi peristiwa ini akan terjadi lagi, dan saya pikirsemakin kita mengerti tentang mereka,77701:21:02, 958--> 01:21:07, 486semakin baik kita dapat mempersiapkan diri untukkemungkinan mereka.77801:21:12, 400--> 01:21:17, 394HERZOG: untuk ini dan banyak alasan lain,kehadiran kami di planet ini77901:21:17, 639--> 01:21:20, 472tidak berkelanjutan.78001:21:20, 575--> 01:21:25, 569Peradaban technologicaI kita membuat kitasangat rentan.78101:21:27, 048--> 01:21:31, 576Ada pembicaraan seluruh ilmiahmasyarakat tentang perubahan iklim.78201:21:32, 954--> 01:21:37, 789Banyak dari mereka setuju akhir kehidupan manusiadi bumi ini terjamin.78301:21:40, 862--> 01:21:44, 628Kehidupan manusia adalah bagian darirantai tak berujung bencana,78401:21:45, 100--> 01:21:49, 298kematian dinosaurus menjadi hanyasalah satu peristiwa ini.78501:21:50, 972--> 01:21:53, 202Kita tampaknya berikutnya.78601:21:59, 347--> 01:22:04, 614Dan ketika kita pergi, apa yang akan terjadiribuan tahun dari sekarang di masa depan?78701:22:08, 056--> 01:22:11, 492Akan ada arkeolog Asingdari planet lain78801:22:11, 826--> 01:22:16, 058mencoba untuk mencari tahu apa yang kami lakukandi Kutub Selatan?78901:22:18, 400--> 01:22:23, 235Mereka akan turun ke terowonganbahwa kita telah menggali jauh di bawah kutub.79001:22:25, 407--> 01:22:31, 175Hal ini masih minus 70 derajat di sini,dan itulah mengapa tempat ini hidup lebih lama79101:22:31, 313--> 01:22:33, 838Semua kota besar di dunia.79201:22:37, 519--> 01:22:39, 419Mereka berjalan terus dan terus.79301:22:59, 107--> 01:23:00, 631Dan kemudian ini.79401:23:01, 209--> 01:23:06, 112Seolah-olah kami ingin meninggalkan sisa-sisa satukehadiran kami di planet ini,79501:23:06, 715--> 01:23:11, 118mereka akan menemukan sturgeon beku,misterius tersembunyi79601:23:11, 619--> 01:23:15, 646di bawah matematis tepatbenar Kutub Selatan.79701:23:36, 544--> 01:23:41, 481Mereka menyimpan kembali pergike kuil yang beku untuk selama-lamanya yang lain.79801:23:44, 753--> 01:23:48, 849Dan kemudian mereka menemukan lebih,kenangan dari dunia sekali hijau.79901:23:52, 460 01:23:57, 727-->Seolah-olah umat manusia ingin melestarikansetidaknya beberapa keindahan yang hilang dari dunia ini,80001:23:58, 199--> 01:24:02, 602mereka meninggalkan ini,dibingkai di garland beku popcorn.80101:24:12, 981--> 01:24:15, 575Kembali di base camp Gunung Erebus,80201:24:20, 388--> 01:24:22, 982karena ketinggian cukup,80301:24:23, 324--> 01:24:27, 226sesekali volcanologistsperlu medicaI perawatan.80401:24:31, 332--> 01:24:33, 926Tapi segera kami menemukan mereka kembali di tempat kerja.80501:25:42, 137--> 01:25:44, 128Wajah saya adalah beku.80601:26:23, 811--> 01:26:25, 779Cukup dingin di sini hari ini.80701:26:31, 920--> 01:26:36, 755Hanya dengan memiliki Danau fantastis lava itudi sana dengan semua energi yang,80801:26:37, 025--> 01:26:41, 928kita masih harus membawa tua Generator bensinsampai dengan tepi kawah.80901:26:53, 741--> 01:26:59, 441Manusia versus mesin, Bab 53.Profesor Clive Oppenheimer pada Erebus.81001:27:01, 549--> 01:27:05, 747Tangan di saku,menunggu untuk memulai secara spontan.81101:27:07, 155--> 01:27:09, 487Dia bisa menunggu waktu yang lama.81201:27:10, 925--> 01:27:14, 793Apakah Anda pernah melihat dua pria ciumandi atas Erebus sebelum?81301:27:14, 896--> 01:27:16, 659(KEDUA TERTAWA)81401:27:16, 764--> 01:27:18, 322OPPENHEIMER: Mendorong kembali perbatasan.81501:27:18, 433--> 01:27:20, 060Ini adalah R-18, oke?81601:27:22, 637--> 01:27:24, 628Saya suka bekerja dengan Harry.81701:27:29, 744--> 01:27:32, 110HERZOG: sepanjang lereng gunung berapi81801:27:32, 347--> 01:27:38, 479ada ventilasi di mana uap menciptakandisebut fumarol, aneh cerobong es81901:27:38, 820--> 01:27:41, 755kadang-kadang mencapai dua cerita tinggi.82001:27:49, 631--> 01:27:52, 691Dimungkinkan untuk turun ke beberapa dari mereka.82101:27:54, 636--> 01:27:59, 972Anda hanya harus carefuIuntuk menghindari orang-orang yang mengandung gas beracun.82201:31:11, 799--> 01:31:15, 200Di kaki Gunung Erebus, keluar di atas es laut,82301:31:15, 303--> 01:31:19, 171bangunan tertinggi kedua di benua iniberada.82401:31:19, 907--> 01:31:23, 775Di hangar ini,muatan ilmiah yang disediakan82501:31:23, 911--> 01:31:26, 937untuk peluncuran balon merekake stratosfer.82601:31:40, 862--> 01:31:44, 593Kami adalah tertarikProyek deteksi neutrino.82701:31:44, 699--> 01:31:48, 362Ilmuwan berencanauntuk mengangkat instrumen pengamatan82801:31:48, 469--> 01:31:51, 73440 kilometer sampai ke stratosfer82901:31:51, 839--> 01:31:55, 900-Cari hampirPartikel subatom tidak terdeteksi.83001:31:59, 146--> 01:32:00, 579(SEMUA BERSORAK)83101:32:02, 350--> 01:32:07, 413Terbit, ini kecil-melihat gelembunghelium akan memperluas83201:32:07, 588--> 01:32:12, 082untuk mengisi seluruh kulit,di sini yang masih tampak seperti tali putih.83301:32:13, 127--> 01:32:18, 793Ini akhirnya akan membentuk dunia raksasalebih dari 300 meter dengan diameter.83401:32:21, 002--> 01:32:23, 095Ketika mencapai stratosfer,83501:32:23, 204--> 01:32:27, 197detektor akan memindairibuan mil persegi es83601:32:27, 308--> 01:32:32, 075tanpa bertemu electricaIgangguan dari dunia dihuni.83701:32:33, 247--> 01:32:37, 581Sebelum peluncuran,kami berada di dalam hanggar.83801:32:37, 685--> 01:32:42, 588Proyek neutrino dipimpin olehDr: Gorham dari University of Hawaii.83901:32:42, 823--> 01:32:48, 386Jadi, apa yang kita coba lakukandengan alat ini adalah untuk menjadi yang pertama84001:32:48, 496--> 01:32:53, 559ilmiah kelompok untuk mendeteksi tertinggienergi Neutrino di alam semesta, kami berharap.84101:32:54, 068--> 01:32:57, 868HERZOG: Ya, tapi, Dr Gorham,apa sebenarnya adalah satu neutrino?84201:32:58, 539--> 01:33:03, 306Neutrino ini:. Hal ini paling konyolpartikel yang Anda bisa bayangkan.84301:33:03, 544--> 01:33:07, 640Satu miliar Neutrino pergi melalui hidung sayaKetika kami berbicara.84401:33:07, 915--> 01:33:11, 316Triliun, trilyunpergi melalui hidung saya sekarang,84501:33:11, 419--> 01:33:13, 182dan mereka tidak bagi saya.84601:33:13, 287--> 01:33:16, 984Mereka melewati semua masalahdi sekitar kita terus menerus,84701:33:17, 258--> 01:33:22, 423dalam besar, besar ledakan partikelitu tidak apa-apa sama sekali.84801:33:22, 730--> 01:33:26, 598They're seperti:.Mereka hampir ada dalam alam semesta yang terpisah,84901:33:26, 701--> 01:33:28, 794tetapi kita tahu, sebagai fisikawan,kita dapat mengukur mereka,85001:33:28, 903--> 01:33:33, 272kita dapat membuat prediksi presisidan pengukuran. Mereka ada,85101:33:33, 374--> 01:33:36, 036Tapi kita tidak bisa mendapatkan tangan kami pada mereka,85201:33:36, 143--> 01:33:38, 976karena mereka tampaknya hanya adadi tempat lain,85301:33:39, 413--> 01:33:44, 373dan namun tanpa Neutrino, awalalam semesta tidak akan bekerja.85401:33:44, 619--> 01:33:47, 144Kita tidak akan memiliki masalahbahwa kita memiliki hari ini,85501:33:47, 254--> 01:33:50, 189karena Anda tidak bisa membuatunsur-unsur tanpa Neutrino.85601:33:50, 291--> 01:33:53, 852Dalam beberapa detik sangat, sangat awalledakan dahsyat,85701:33:53, 961--> 01:33:57, 522Neutrino adalah partikel dominan,dan mereka benar-benar ditentukan85801:33:57, 632--> 01:34:02, 126banyak kinetika produksiunsur-unsur yang kita tahu.85901:34:02, 236--> 01:34:05, 262Jadi, alam semesta tidak mungkin wujud seperti itutanpa Neutrino,86001:34:05, 406--> 01:34:08, 967tapi mereka tampaknyadalam alam semesta mereka sendiri terpisah,86101:34:09, 076--> 01:34:12, 045dan kami sedang berusaha untuk benar-benarmembuat kontak dengan yang86201:34:12, 146--> 01:34:14, 740dunia lain alam semesta Neutrino.86301:34:15, 916--> 01:34:19, 408Dan sebagai seorang fisikawan, meskipun86401:34:20, 388--> 01:34:24, 449Aku memahaminya secara matematisdan aku mengerti intelektual,86501:34:24, 592--> 01:34:26, 685itu masih hits saya dalam usus86601:34:27, 261--> 01:34:30, 662bahwa ada sesuatu di sini di sekitar86701:34:30, 765--> 01:34:34, 565sekitar saya hampir sepertibeberapa jenis Roh atau Allah86801:34:34, 669--> 01:34:36, 500bahwa saya tidak dapat menyentuh,86901:34:36, 837--> 01:34:39, 397tapi bisa mengukurnya.87001:34:39, 507--> 01:34:40, 633Aku bisa membuat pengukuran.87101:34:40, 741--> 01:34:44, 006Seperti mengukur dunia rohatau sesuatu seperti itu.87201:34:44, 111--> 01:34:46, 671Anda dapat keluar dan menyentuh hal-hal ini.87301:34:48, 182--> 01:34:52, 676HERZOG: Tidak mengherankan, kami menemukandijumpainya dalam bahasa Hawaii87401:34:52, 787--> 01:34:5
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
