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THE NR BUSINESS MODELA central theme has been that the central problem for NR was its particular business model that exposed itself to a LPHI risk. The particular business model of NR was that it pursued a strategy of fast growth in mortgage lending based on a high proportion of wholesale market funding together with planned securitisations of its mortgages.There were, however, two particular features of NR’s business model: (1) the relative importance of wholesale funding compared with other banks, and (2) the fact that securitisation was an integral and dominant part of the bank’s strategy and business model. Furthermore, it would appear that the bank did not take out any form of liquidity insurance through, for instance, agreed lines of credit with other banks. Table 1 shows the significantly higher proportion of wholesale funding in the case of NR (62 percent) compared with the average of 45 percent for other UK banks in the sample. This model proved to be viable for several years as short-term funding could be rolled- over on normal terms. However, the LPHI risk in this strategy was a combination of three particular risks: (1) the bank or its conduits would be unable to roll-over maturing funding, (2) the cost of such funding would rise relative to the yield on mortgage loans6Northern Rock Case Studythat it kept on the balance sheet and not securitised, i.e. it would be forced to pay some form of “penalty” interest rate, and (3) that it would be unable to securitise those mortgage assets that it intended to. The LPHI risk was, therefore, that it would be either unable to roll-over its short-term funding in the event of a serious liquidity squeeze or that the necessary roll-over funding could only be secured at high interest rates.
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