Advances in communication and infor

Advances in communication and information
technology have created new opportunities for organizations
to build and manage virtual teams. Virtual
teams are defined as groups of employees with
unique skills, situated in distant locations, whose
members must collaborate using technology across
space and time to accomplish important organizational
tasks (Lipnack & Stamps, 2000). While virtual
teams play an important role in industry
worldwide, most of the knowledge about them derives
from practitioner articles (Cascio, 2000;
Coutu, 1998; Kirkman, Rosen, Gibson, Tesluk, &
McPherson, 2002; Townsend, DeMarie, & Hendrickson,
1998), popular books (Duarte & Snyder,
2001; Haywood, 1998; Lipnack & Stamps, 2000),
case studies (Maznevski & Chudoba, 2000), and
theoretical work (Armstrong & Cole, 1995; Bell &
Kozlowski, 2002; Furst, Blackburn, & Rosen, 2001;
Griffith & Neale, 2001; Griffith, Sawyer, & Neale,
2003). There are recent exceptions (see Gibson
and Cohen’s [2003] edited volume), including several
empirical investigations (Jarvenpaa, Knoll,
& Leidner, 1998; Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1999;
Montoya-Weiss, Massey, & Song, 2001; Warkentin,
Sayeed, & Hightower, 1997). The latter studies,
however, used students performing artificial tasks
with unrealistic time limits. To understand what is
required for virtual teams to be successful, studi

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Kemajuan dalam komunikasi dan informasiteknologi telah menciptakan peluang-peluang baru untuk organisasiuntuk membangun dan mengelola tim virtual. VirtualTim didefinisikan sebagai kelompok karyawan denganketerampilan yang unik, terletak di lokasi yang jauh, yanganggota harus berkolaborasi menggunakan teknologi di seluruhRuang dan waktu untuk menyelesaikan penting organisasitugas-tugas (Lipnack & perangko, 2000). Sementara virtualTim memainkan peran penting dalam industridi seluruh dunia, sebagian besar pengetahuan tentangnya berasaldari praktisi artikel (Cascio, 2000;Coutu, 1998; Rosen, Gibson Kirkman, Tesluk, &McPherson, 2002; Townsend, DeMarie, & Hendrickson,1998), buku-buku populer (Duarte & Snyder,tahun 2001; Haywood, 1998; Lipnack & perangko, 2000),studi kasus (Maznevski & Chudoba, 2000), dankarya teoretis (Armstrong & Cole, 1995; Bell &Kozlowski, 2002; Furst, Blackburn, & Rosen, 2001;Griffith & Neale, 2001; Griffith, Sawyer, & Neale,2003). ada beberapa pengecualian (Lihat Gibsondan Cohen [2003] diedit volume), termasuk beberapaempiris penyelidikan (Jarvenpaa, Knoll,& Leidner, 1998; Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1999;Montoya-Weiss, Massey, & lagu, 2001; Warkentin,Sayeed, & Hightower, 1997). Studi kedua,Namun, digunakan siswa melakukan tugas-tugas buatandengan batas waktu yang tidak realistis. Untuk memahami apadiperlukan untuk tim virtual untuk menjadi sukses, studi