had attempted to quit smoking; one had quit for 2–4weeksand three had  terjemahan - had attempted to quit smoking; one had quit for 2–4weeksand three had  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

had attempted to quit smoking; one

had attempted to quit smoking; one had quit for 2–4weeks
and three had quit smoking for 1–2 days. Three smokers
reported that their motivation to stop had increased.
Analysis of the statements provided by participants
showed that many found it difficult to reduce their
cigarette consumption so as to attain a CO value of less
than 10 ppm (Theme 1). They also reported a number
of difficulties with the monitors, including forgetting
to use them (Theme 2.a), that they were difficult
to carry (Theme 2.b), and initial problems with holding
their breath for an adequate time prior to blowing into
the monitor (Theme 2.c). Some of the smokers also reported
that they found them embarrassing to use in public
(Theme 2.d), that you need to first develop confidence in
the monitor (Theme 2.e), and that the measurementswere
not accurate enough (Theme 2.f). Nevertheless, the monitors
were deemed easy to use (Theme 3), increased motivation
for smoking reduction (Theme 4.a), and resulted
in reports of reduced cigarette consumption (Theme 4.b)
and urges to smoke (Theme 4.d); as well as reports of
modified smoking behaviour (Theme 4.c). A number of
smokers also stated that the monitor had encouraged them
to think about smoking cessation (Theme 5). The CO
monitors were viewed to be helpful as they made smokers
feel guilty about smoking (Theme 6.a); were rewarding
(Theme 6.b); allowed comparisons between times when
they did and didn’t smoke (Theme 6.c); and picked up
the effect of environmental smoke (Theme 6.d). Smokers
also reported that it made them more aware of the effects
of smoking on their body (Theme 6.e), demonstrated
that their CO consumption was higher than anticipated
(Theme 6.f), indicated the amount of smoke inhaled from
each cigarette (Theme 6.g), and provided a picture of the
effect of NRT on cigarette consumption (Theme 6.h; See
Table 1).
Discussion
This study examined whether providing smokers with a
personal monitor for measuring expired-air CO with the
specific goal to reduce CO levels below 10 ppm, would be
a feasible method of achieving a reduction in smoke intake.
Although the majority of smokers failed to keep their
average daily CO concentrations below 10 ppm, average
readings were below their baseline levels. Average daily
cigarette consumption and nicotine dependency also reduced
frombaseline to follow-up.Use of the CO monitors
was found to be acceptable and to increase motivation to
stop smoking, with half of participants reporting an attempt
to quit smoking.
Previous studies have detailed the problems smokers
experience in regulating their intake (Sayette, 2004; Beard,
Vangeli, Michie, & West, in press). The results here not
only suggest that using CO monitors and the setting of
specific goalsmay eliminate these issue, but that it could be
a reliable method for reducing smokers’ toxin intake and
increasing motivation to stop completely. This is despite
low levels of NRT use. As smoking reduction with NRT
is superior to reduction without pharmacological help,
it may be anticipated that even greater benefits may be
attained if smokers are actively encouraged to use medicinal
nicotine (Moore et al., 2009; Beard et al., 2011). A
controlled trial with long-term follow-up is warranted to
further assess the implications of using CO monitors for
self-regulation of smoking behaviour.
Conclusions
Regular personal CO monitoring with the specific goal to
reduce smoking below 10 ppm may be a useful method
for reducing smokers’ intake of smoke and increasing their
motivation to stop completely.

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telah berusaha untuk berhenti merokok; satu telah keluar untuk 2-4weeksdan tiga telah berhenti merokok selama 1-2 hari. Tiga perokokdilaporkan bahwa motivasi mereka untuk menghentikan telah meningkat.Analisis Laporan disediakan oleh pesertamenunjukkan bahwa banyak merasa sulit untuk mengurangi merekakonsumsi Rokok untuk mencapai nilai CO kurangdaripada 10 ppm (tema 1). Mereka juga melaporkan nomorkesulitan dengan monitor, termasuk melupakanuntuk menggunakannya (tema 2.a), bahwa mereka adalah sulituntuk membawa (tema 2.b), dan awal masalah dengan memegangnapas mereka untuk waktu yang memadai sebelum meniup ke dalammonitor (tema 2.c). Beberapa dari para perokok juga dilaporkanbahwa mereka menemukan mereka memalukan untuk menggunakan di depan umum(Tema 2.d), bahwa Anda harus terlebih dahulu mengembangkan kepercayaanmonitor (tema 2.e), dan bahwa measurementsweretidak cukup akurat (tema 2.f). Namun demikian, monitordianggap mudah digunakan (tema 3), meningkatkan motivasipengurangan Rokok (tema 4.a), dan menghasilkandalam laporan Rokok mengurangi konsumsi (tema b.)dan dorongan untuk Merokok (tema 4.d); serta laporanModifikasi perilaku Rokok (tema 4.c). Sejumlahperokok juga menyatakan bahwa monitor telah mendorong merekauntuk berpikir tentang Merokok (tema 5). COMonitor dipandang akan membantu karena mereka membuat perokokmerasa bersalah tentang Merokok (tema 6.a); yang bermanfaat(Tema 6.b); memungkinkan perbandingan antara kali ketikamereka melakukannya dan tidak merokok (tema 6 c); dan mengambilefek asap lingkungan (tema 6.d). Perokokjuga melaporkan bahwa itu membuat mereka lebih sadar efekMerokok pada tubuh mereka (tema 6.e), menunjukkanbahwa konsumsi CO adalah lebih tinggi daripada yang diantisipasi(Tema 6.f), menunjukkan jumlah asap terhirup darisetiap Rokok (tema 6.g), dan gambar yang disediakanEfek NRT Rokok konsumsi (tema 6.h; LihatTabel 1).DiskusiStudi ini meneliti apakah menyediakan perokok denganpribadi monitor untuk mengukur kadaluarsa udara CO dengantujuan tertentu untuk mengurangi tingkat CO di bawah 10 ppm, akansebuah metode yang layak untuk mencapai pengurangan asupan asap.Meskipun mayoritas perokok gagal untuk menjaga merekaharian rata-rata konsentrasi CO di bawah 10 ppm, rata-ratabacaan berada di bawah tingkat dasar mereka. Harian rata-rataketergantungan konsumsi dan Nikotin Rokok juga berkurangfrombaseline untuk menindaklanjuti.Penggunaan monitor COditemukan untuk dapat diterima dan meningkatkan motivasi untukBerhenti Merokok, dengan setengah dari peserta melaporkan upayauntuk berhenti merokok.Studi sebelumnya telah rinci masalah perokokpengalaman dalam mengatur asupan (Sayette, 2004; Jenggot,Vangeli, Michie, & Barat, dalam pers). Hasilnya di sini tidakhanya menyarankan yang menggunakan monitor CO dan pengaturangoalsmay spesifik menghilangkan masalah ini, tapi itu bisametode yang dapat diandalkan untuk mengurangi asupan racun perokok danmeningkatkan motivasi untuk menghentikan sepenuhnya. Ini meskipunrendah penggunaan NRT. Sebagai pengurangan Rokok dengan NRTlebih unggul dari pengurangan tanpa bantuan farmakologi,dapat diantisipasi bahwa manfaat yang lebih besar mungkintercapai jika perokok secara aktif didorong untuk menggunakan obatnikotin (Moore et al., 2009; Jenggot et al., 2011). Aterkontrol dengan tindak lanjut jangka panjang dibenarkan untuklebih lanjut menilai implikasi dari menggunakan monitor CO untukpengaturan diri dari perilaku Rokok.KesimpulanReguler CO pribadi pemantauan dengan tujuan tertentumengurangi Rokok di bawah 10 ppm mungkin metode yang bergunauntuk mengurangi asupan perokok asap dan meningkatkan merekamotivasi untuk menghentikan sepenuhnya.
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