Purposes of CorrelationalResearchCorrelational research is carried out terjemahan - Purposes of CorrelationalResearchCorrelational research is carried out Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Purposes of CorrelationalResearchCo

Purposes of Correlational
Research
Correlational research is carried out for one of two basic
purposes—either to help explain important human behaviors
or to predict likely outcomes.
EXPLANATORY STUDIES
A major purpose of correlational research is to clarify
our understanding of important phenomena by identifying
relationships among variables. Particularly in developmental
psychology, where experimental studies are
especially difficult to design, much has been learned by
analyzing relationships among several variables. For
example, correlations found between variables such as
complexity of parent speech and rate of language acquisition
have taught researchers much about how language
is acquired. Similarly, the discovery that—among
variables related to reading skill—auditory memory
shows a substantial correlation with reading ability has
expanded our understanding of the complex phenomenon
of reading. The current belief that smoking causes
lung cancer, although based in part on experimental
studies of animals, rests heavily on correlational evidence
of the relationship between frequency of smoking
and incidence of lung cancer.
Researchers who conduct explanatory studies often
investigate a number of variables they believe are related
to a more complex variable, such as motivation or
learning. Variables found not to be related or only
slightly related (i.e., when correlations below .20 are
obtained) are then dropped from further consideration,
while those found to be more highly related (i.e., when
correlations beyond _.40 or _.40 are obtained) often
serve as the focus of additional research, using an experimental
design, to see whether the relationships are
indeed causal.
Let us say a bit more here about causation. Although
the discovery of a correlational relationship does not
establish a causal connection, most researchers who
engage in correlational research are probably trying to
gain some idea about cause and effect. Aresearcher who
carried out the fictitious study whose results are illustrated
in Figure 15.2, for example, would probably be
inclined to conclude that a teacher’s expectation of failure
is a partial (or at least a contributing) cause of the
amount of disruptive behavior his or her students display
in class.
It must be stressed, however, that correlational studies
do not, in and of themselves, establish cause and effect.
In the previous example, one could just as well
argue that the amount of disruptive behavior in a class
causes a teacher’s expectation of failure, or that both
teacher expectation and disruptive behavior are caused
by some third factor—such as the ability level of the
class.


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Tujuan CorrelationalPenelitianCorrelational penelitian dilakukan untuk salah satu dari dua dasartujuan-baik untuk membantu menjelaskan perilaku manusia yang pentingatau untuk memprediksi kemungkinan hasil.PENJELASAN STUDITujuan utama dari penelitian correlational adalah untuk memperjelaspemahaman kita tentang fenomena penting dengan mengidentifikasihubungan antara variabel. Khususnya dalam perkembanganPsikologi, mana studi percobaan yangsangat sulit untuk desain, banyak telah dipelajari olehmenganalisis hubungan antara beberapa variabel. Untukcontoh, korelasi yang ditemukan antara variabel sepertikompleksitas orangtua pidato dan tingkat pemerolehan bahasatelah mengajarkan para peneliti banyak tentang bagaimana bahasaDiperoleh. Demikian pula, penemuan yang — antaravariabel yang berhubungan dengan membaca keterampilan — pendengaran memorimenunjukkan korelasi yang besar dengan kemampuan membaca memilikimemperluas pemahaman kita tentang fenomena kompleksmembaca. Keyakinan saat ini bahwa merokok menyebabkankanker paru-paru, meskipun sebagian didasarkan pada eksperimentalStudi hewan, bersandar berat pada bukti correlationalhubungan antara frekuensi Merokokdan kejadian kanker paru-paru.Para peneliti yang melakukan studi penjelasan seringmenyelidiki sejumlah variabel yang mereka percaya terkaituntuk sebuah variabel lebih kompleks, seperti motivasi ataubelajar. Variabel ditemukan tidak terkait atau hanyasedikit terkait (yaitu, ketika korelasi di bawah.20Diperoleh) kemudian menjatuhkan dari pertimbangan lebih lanjut,sementara mereka untuk lebih tinggi terkait (yaitu, ketikakorelasi luar _.40 atau _.40 yang diperoleh) seringmelayani sebagai fokus penelitian tambahan, menggunakan eksperimentalDesain, untuk melihat apakah hubunganmemang kausal.Mari kita katakan sedikit lebih di sini tentang penyebaban. Meskipunpenemuan hubungan correlational tidakmembangun hubungan kausal, kebanyakan peneliti yangterlibat dalam penelitian correlational mungkin mencoba untukmendapatkan beberapa gagasan tentang sebab dan akibat. Aresearcher yangmelakukan studi fiktif yang hasilnya diilustrasikandi 15,2 angka, misalnya, mungkin akancenderung untuk menyimpulkan bahwa seorang guru harapan kegagalanadalah parsial (atau setidaknya berkontribusi) penyebabjumlah mengganggu perilaku nya siswa tampilandi kelas.Itu harus menekankan, bagaimanapun, bahwa studi correlationaltidak, dalam dan dari diri mereka sendiri, mendirikan sebab dan akibat.Dalam contoh sebelumnya, salah satu bisa saja sertaberpendapat bahwa jumlah mengganggu perilaku dalam kelasmenyebabkan guru harapan kegagalan, atau bahwa keduanyaguru harapan dan perilaku merusak disebabkanoleh beberapa faktor yang ketiga — seperti tingkat kemampuankelas.
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