7.6.3 Cepstrum VocodersThe Cepstrum vocoder separates the excitation a terjemahan - 7.6.3 Cepstrum VocodersThe Cepstrum vocoder separates the excitation a Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

7.6.3 Cepstrum VocodersThe Cepstrum

7.6.3 Cepstrum Vocoders

The Cepstrum vocoder separates the excitation and vocal tract spectrum by
inverse Fourier transforming of the log magnitude spectrum to produce the cep-
strum of the signal. The low frequency coefficients in the cepstrum correspond to
the vocal tract spectral envelope, with the high frequency excitation coefiicients
forming a periodic pulse train at multiples of the sampling period. Linear filter-
ing is performed to separate the vocal tract cepstral coefiicients from the excita-
tion coefiicients. In the receiver, the vocal tract cepstral coefficients are Fourier
transformed to produce the vocal tract impulse response. By convolving this
impulse response with a synthetic excitation signal (random noise or periodic
pulse train), the original speech is reconstructed.

7.6.4 Voice-Excited Vocoder

Voice-excited vocoders eliminate the need for pitch extraction and voicing
detection operations. This system uses a hybrid combination of PCM transmis-
sion for the low frequency band of speech, combined with channel vocoding of
higher frequency bands. A pitch signal is generated at the synthesizer by rectify-
ing, bandpass filtering, and clipping the baseband signal, thus creating a spec-
trally flat signal with energy at pitch harmonics. Voice excited vocoders have
been designed for operation at 7200 bits/s to 9600 bits/s, and their quality is typ-
ically superior to that obtained by the traditional pitch excited vocoders.

7.7 Linear Predictive Coders

7.7.1 LPC vocoders
Linear predictive coders (LPC) [Sch85a] belong to the time domain class of
vocoders. This class of vocoders attempts to extract the significant features of
speech from the time waveform. Though LPC coders are computationally inten-
sive, they are by far the most popular among the class of low bit rate vocoders.
With LPC it is possible to transmit good quality voice at 4.8 kbps and poorer
quality voice at even lower rates.
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7.6.3 Cepstrum VocodersThe Cepstrum vocoder separates the excitation and vocal tract spectrum byinverse Fourier transforming of the log magnitude spectrum to produce the cep-strum of the signal. The low frequency coefficients in the cepstrum correspond tothe vocal tract spectral envelope, with the high frequency excitation coefiicientsforming a periodic pulse train at multiples of the sampling period. Linear filter-ing is performed to separate the vocal tract cepstral coefiicients from the excita-tion coefiicients. In the receiver, the vocal tract cepstral coefficients are Fouriertransformed to produce the vocal tract impulse response. By convolving thisimpulse response with a synthetic excitation signal (random noise or periodicpulse train), the original speech is reconstructed.7.6.4 Voice-Excited VocoderVoice-excited vocoders eliminate the need for pitch extraction and voicingdetection operations. This system uses a hybrid combination of PCM transmis-sion for the low frequency band of speech, combined with channel vocoding ofhigher frequency bands. A pitch signal is generated at the synthesizer by rectify-ing, bandpass filtering, and clipping the baseband signal, thus creating a spec-trally flat signal with energy at pitch harmonics. Voice excited vocoders havebeen designed for operation at 7200 bits/s to 9600 bits/s, and their quality is typ-ically superior to that obtained by the traditional pitch excited vocoders.7.7 Linear Predictive Coders7.7.1 LPC vocodersLinear predictive coders (LPC) [Sch85a] belong to the time domain class ofvocoders. This class of vocoders attempts to extract the significant features ofspeech from the time waveform. Though LPC coders are computationally inten-sive, they are by far the most popular among the class of low bit rate vocoders.With LPC it is possible to transmit good quality voice at 4.8 kbps and poorerquality voice at even lower rates.
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7.6.3 cepstrum Vocoders The cepstrum vocoder memisahkan eksitasi dan spektrum vokal oleh inverse Fourier transformasi dari spektrum log besarnya untuk menghasilkan cep- memetik sinyal. The koefisien frekuensi koefisien fi rendah cepstrum yang sesuai dengan vokal saluran spektral amplop, dengan icients frekuensi tinggi eksitasi koefisien fi membentuk kereta pulsa periodik pada kelipatan periode sampling. Linear fi lter- ing dilakukan untuk memisahkan saluran vokal cepstral icients koefisien fi dari excita- tion koefisien icients fi. Pada penerima, saluran vokal koefisien cepstral adalah Fourier berubah untuk menghasilkan respon impuls saluran vokal. Dengan convolving ini respon impuls dengan sinyal eksitasi sintetis (random noise atau periodik kereta pulsa), pidato asli direkonstruksi. 7.6.4 Suara-Excited Vocoder vocoders Suara-senang menghilangkan kebutuhan untuk ekstraksi lapangan dan menyuarakan operasi deteksi. Sistem ini menggunakan kombinasi hibrida PCM transmis- sion untuk band frekuensi rendah berbicara, dikombinasikan dengan saluran vocoding dari pita frekuensi yang lebih tinggi. Sebuah sinyal lapangan yang dihasilkan pada synthesizer dengan rectify- ing, bandpass penyaringan, dan kliping sinyal baseband, sehingga menciptakan alamiah lainnya yang trally fl di sinyal dengan energi pada harmonik lapangan. Suara vocoders senang telah dirancang untuk operasi di 7200 bit / s untuk 9600 bit / s, dan kualitas mereka typ- turun tajam unggul yang diperoleh lapangan tradisional vocoders bersemangat. 7.7 Linear Predictive Coders 7.7.1 LPC vocoders Linear coders prediktif ( LPC) [Sch85a] milik waktu kelas domain vocoders. Kelas ini vocoders mencoba untuk mengekstrak fitur yang signifikan dari pidato dari gelombang waktu. Meskipun LPC coders yang komputasi intensif komprehensif, mereka yang paling populer di kalangan kelas vocoders bit rate yang rendah. Dengan LPC adalah mungkin untuk mengirimkan suara berkualitas baik pada 4,8 kbps dan miskin kualitas suara pada tingkat yang lebih rendah.
































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