Critical success factors (CSFs) for any business are the limited numbe terjemahan - Critical success factors (CSFs) for any business are the limited numbe Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Critical success factors (CSFs) for

Critical success factors (CSFs) for any business are the limited number of areas in which satisfactory results ensure successful competitive performance. Studies have shown that three to six factors are usually critical to success in most industries.
In general, at least five criteria tend to determine which factors are critical to the business and their relative importance:
1. Impact on performance measures, such as market share, profits, cash flow, and the like.
2. Relationship to strategic thrusts, such as differentiation, costs, segmentation, preemptive, turnaround, renewal, and the like.
3. Relationship to life-cycle stage, that is, introduction, growth, maturity, and aging and decline.
4. Relates to a major activity of the business, such as marketing at IBM.
5. Involves large amounts of money relative to other activities of the firm.
There are several techniques for identifying CSFs for a business, its industry, and its general environment. It is important to evaluate the firm, but it is equally important evaluate the capabilities of competitors.
The development and evaluation of alternatives should be two separate and distinct steps. Three basic questions must be asked during strategy evaluation:
1. How effective has the existing strategy been?
2. How effective will that strategy be in the future?
3. What will be the effectiveness of selected alternative strategies (or changes in the existing strategy) in the future?
The form of strategic analysis and choice varies considerably according to the stage of development of the firm, and the focus differs at the different firm levels.
The evaluation should take place at the corporate, business, and functional levels, with close scrutiny of policies and plans at each of these levels.
For multi-industry and multiproduct/product firm, strategic analysis begins at the corporate level.
Corporate strategy provides guidance for resource allocations among businesses and also indicates standards for adding new businesses or deleting existing ones.
Alternative business-level strategies must be examined within the context of each business unit in multi-industry firms.
Functional strategies must be identified to initiate and control daily business activities in a manner consistent with business strategy.
Selecting Strategy
In deciding between the remaining alternatives the decision maker should reexamine all major assumptions on which they based. In the final analysis, the decision may come down to the risks inherent in the alternatives as opposed to their potential return. For each major risk, the following questions should be answered:
1. What are the consequences?
2. Will the "worst case" scenario seriously hurt the company, the division, or finances?
3. What level of risk am I willing to accept?
4. What if I do not accept the risk? Will the competition accept it?
5. How can the risks be reduced?
Strategy Formulation Constraints
In order for managers to formulate useful strategies, they must be aware of certain organizational constraints. Some of the major ones are:
Availability of financial resources
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Critical success factors (CSFs) for any business are the limited number of areas in which satisfactory results ensure successful competitive performance. Studies have shown that three to six factors are usually critical to success in most industries.In general, at least five criteria tend to determine which factors are critical to the business and their relative importance:1. Impact on performance measures, such as market share, profits, cash flow, and the like.2. Relationship to strategic thrusts, such as differentiation, costs, segmentation, preemptive, turnaround, renewal, and the like.3. Relationship to life-cycle stage, that is, introduction, growth, maturity, and aging and decline.4. Relates to a major activity of the business, such as marketing at IBM.5. Involves large amounts of money relative to other activities of the firm.There are several techniques for identifying CSFs for a business, its industry, and its general environment. It is important to evaluate the firm, but it is equally important evaluate the capabilities of competitors.The development and evaluation of alternatives should be two separate and distinct steps. Three basic questions must be asked during strategy evaluation:1. How effective has the existing strategy been?2. How effective will that strategy be in the future?3. What will be the effectiveness of selected alternative strategies (or changes in the existing strategy) in the future?The form of strategic analysis and choice varies considerably according to the stage of development of the firm, and the focus differs at the different firm levels.The evaluation should take place at the corporate, business, and functional levels, with close scrutiny of policies and plans at each of these levels.For multi-industry and multiproduct/product firm, strategic analysis begins at the corporate level.Corporate strategy provides guidance for resource allocations among businesses and also indicates standards for adding new businesses or deleting existing ones.Alternative business-level strategies must be examined within the context of each business unit in multi-industry firms.Functional strategies must be identified to initiate and control daily business activities in a manner consistent with business strategy.Selecting StrategyIn deciding between the remaining alternatives the decision maker should reexamine all major assumptions on which they based. In the final analysis, the decision may come down to the risks inherent in the alternatives as opposed to their potential return. For each major risk, the following questions should be answered:1. What are the consequences?2. Will the "worst case" scenario seriously hurt the company, the division, or finances?3. What level of risk am I willing to accept?4. What if I do not accept the risk? Will the competition accept it?5. How can the risks be reduced?Strategy Formulation ConstraintsIn order for managers to formulate useful strategies, they must be aware of certain organizational constraints. Some of the major ones are:Availability of financial resources
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Faktor penentu keberhasilan (CSF) untuk setiap bisnis adalah terbatasnya jumlah daerah di mana hasil yang memuaskan menjamin kinerja kompetitif sukses. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa 3-6 faktor biasanya penting untuk keberhasilan di sebagian besar industri.
Secara umum, setidaknya lima kriteria cenderung untuk menentukan faktor yang sangat penting untuk bisnis dan kepentingan relatif mereka:
1. Dampak terhadap ukuran kinerja, seperti pangsa pasar, keuntungan, arus kas, dan sejenisnya.
2. Hubungan dengan menyodorkan strategis, seperti diferensiasi, biaya, segmentasi, preemptive, turnaround, pembaharuan, dan sejenisnya.
3. Hubungan dengan tahap siklus hidup, yaitu, pengenalan, pertumbuhan, kematangan, dan penuaan dan penurunan.
4. Berkaitan dengan kegiatan utama bisnis, seperti pemasaran di IBM.
5. Melibatkan uang dalam jumlah besar relatif terhadap kegiatan lain dari perusahaan.
Ada beberapa teknik untuk mengidentifikasi CSF untuk bisnis, industri, dan lingkungan umum. Hal ini penting untuk mengevaluasi perusahaan, tetapi sama pentingnya mengevaluasi kemampuan pesaing.
Pengembangan dan evaluasi alternatif harus dua langkah terpisah dan berbeda. Tiga pertanyaan dasar harus diminta selama evaluasi strategi:
1. Seberapa efektif memiliki strategi yang ada telah?
2. Seberapa efektif strategi yang akan di masa depan?
3. Apa yang akan menjadi efektivitas strategi alternatif yang dipilih (atau perubahan dalam strategi yang ada) di masa depan?
Bentuk analisis strategis dan pilihan sangat bervariasi sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan perusahaan, dan fokus berbeda di tingkat perusahaan yang berbeda.
Evaluasi harus dilakukan di perusahaan, bisnis, dan tingkat fungsional, dengan pengawasan dekat dari kebijakan dan rencana di masing-masing tingkat.
Untuk multi-industri dan multiproduct / perusahaan produk, analisis strategis dimulai di tingkat perusahaan.
Strategi Perusahaan memberikan panduan untuk alokasi sumber daya antara bisnis dan juga menunjukkan standar untuk menambahkan bisnis baru atau menghapus yang sudah ada.
strategi bisnis tingkat Alternatif harus diperiksa dalam konteks masing-masing unit bisnis di perusahaan-perusahaan multi-industri.
Strategi Fungsional harus diidentifikasi untuk memulai dan mengendalikan bisnis sehari-hari kegiatan dengan cara yang konsisten dengan strategi bisnis.
Memilih Strategi
Dalam memutuskan antara alternatif yang tersisa pembuat keputusan harus memeriksa kembali semua asumsi utama yang berbasis mereka. Dalam analisis akhir, keputusan mungkin turun ke risiko yang melekat dalam alternatif sebagai lawan kembali potensi mereka. Untuk setiap risiko utama, pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut harus dijawab:
1. Apa akibatnya?
2. Akan "kasus terburuk" skenario serius merugikan perusahaan, divisi, atau keuangan?
3. Apa tingkat risiko aku bersedia menerima?
4. Bagaimana jika saya tidak menerima risiko? Akan kompetisi menerimanya?
5. Bagaimana risiko dikurangi?
Perumusan Strategi Kendala
Agar manajer untuk merumuskan strategi yang berguna, mereka harus menyadari kendala organisasi tertentu. Beberapa yang utama adalah:
Ketersediaan sumber daya keuangan
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