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Spatial Messages and Territoriality
Space is an especially important factor in interpersonal communication, although we seldom
think about it. Edward T. Hall (1959, 1963, 1966), who pioneered the study of spatial communication,
called this area proxemics. We can examine this broad
area by looking at proxemic distances, the theories about space, and
territoriality.
Proxemic Distances Four proxemic distances, the distances we
maintain between each other in our interactions, correspond closely to
the major types of relationships. They are intimate, personal, social, and
public distances (see Table 6.3).
Intimate Distance Within intimate distance, ranging from the close
phase of actual touching to the far phase of 6 to 18 inches, the presence of
the other person is unmistakable. You experience the sound, smell, and
feel of the other’s breath. The close phase is used for lovemaking and wrestling, for comforting
and protecting. In the close phase, the muscles and the skin communicate, while actual words
play a minor role. The far phase allows people to touch each other by extending their hands.
The individuals are so close that this distance is not considered proper for strangers in public.
Because of the feeling of inappropriateness and discomfort (at least for some Americans),.
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