X. THE ACEH CONFLICT AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAWIndonesian and  terjemahan - X. THE ACEH CONFLICT AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAWIndonesian and  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

X. THE ACEH CONFLICT AND INTERNATIO

X. THE ACEH CONFLICT AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Indonesian and GAM forces in Aceh are bound by international humanitarian law, also known as the laws of war. The conflict in Aceh is considered to be a non-international (internal) armed conflict, for which the applicable law includes Article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, the Second Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions (Protocol II), and the customary laws of war.76
Indonesia became a party to the Geneva Conventions in 1958. The application of the Geneva Conventions does not confer any status upon GAM, nor is it necessary for any government to recognize GAM's belligerent status for the relevant humanitarian law to apply. Although Indonesia is not a party to Protocol II, many if not all of its provisions reflect customary international law.
Human Rights Watch has documented numerous violations of international humanitarian law by both sides. Indonesian forces have been implicated in the summary execution of civilians and captured GAM members or suspected members, direct attacks against civilians and civilian property, the use of indiscriminate or disproportionate military force, and the use of collective punishments. They have also been responsible for violations of international human rights law, including extrajudicial executions, "disappearances," rape, torture and arbitrary arrest, as well as imposing unlawful restrictions on the rights to expression, association and assembly. GAM forces have been implicated in the summary execution of civilians and captured soldiers, destruction of civilian property, and unlawful detention. To date, neither the Indonesian government nor GAM has publicly stated its commitment to abide by international humanitarian law per se, although the Indonesian army in May issued guidelines to its forces to respect civilian lives and property.
Protection of Noncombatants
Common article 3 to the Geneva Conventions provides for the humane treatment of civilians and other persons not taking an active part in the hostilities (including captured members of opposing armed forces). Prohibited at all times are murder, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; taking of hostages; outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment; and summary trials.77
In contrast to international conflicts, the law governing internal armed conflicts does not recognize the so-called "combatant's privilege," which provides combatants special status.78Thus, the Indonesian government is not obliged to grant captured GAM members prisoner-of-war status, nor is GAM so required to treat captured Indonesian soldiers. However, any party can agree to treat its captives as prisoners of war, and all parties are required to treat captured combatants-and civilians-humanely.
Protection of the Civilian Population
Humanitarian law seeks to protect civilians from the hardships of war. The distinction between civilians and combatants is fundamental to the laws of armed conflict. In situations of internal armed conflict, generally speaking, a civilian is anyone who is not a member of the armed forces or of an organized armed group that is a party to the conflict.79Thus policemen without combat duties are not legitimate military targets.80Likewise, civilians who directly participate in fighting lose their immunity from attack for as long as they directly participate in hostilities.81
A fundamental rule of humanitarian law is that the civilian population and individual civilians shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence against the civilian population that spread terror are also prohibited.82
Common article 3 sets basic standards for the prosecution and punishment of criminal offenses related to the armed conflict. A party to the conflict may only impose a sentence after a judgment by a regularly constituted court providing fair trial guarantees.83Civilians are likewise protected from "collective punishment," which
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
X. THE ACEH CONFLICT AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAWIndonesian and GAM forces in Aceh are bound by international humanitarian law, also known as the laws of war. The conflict in Aceh is considered to be a non-international (internal) armed conflict, for which the applicable law includes Article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, the Second Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions (Protocol II), and the customary laws of war.76Indonesia became a party to the Geneva Conventions in 1958. The application of the Geneva Conventions does not confer any status upon GAM, nor is it necessary for any government to recognize GAM's belligerent status for the relevant humanitarian law to apply. Although Indonesia is not a party to Protocol II, many if not all of its provisions reflect customary international law.Human Rights Watch has documented numerous violations of international humanitarian law by both sides. Indonesian forces have been implicated in the summary execution of civilians and captured GAM members or suspected members, direct attacks against civilians and civilian property, the use of indiscriminate or disproportionate military force, and the use of collective punishments. They have also been responsible for violations of international human rights law, including extrajudicial executions, "disappearances," rape, torture and arbitrary arrest, as well as imposing unlawful restrictions on the rights to expression, association and assembly. GAM forces have been implicated in the summary execution of civilians and captured soldiers, destruction of civilian property, and unlawful detention. To date, neither the Indonesian government nor GAM has publicly stated its commitment to abide by international humanitarian law per se, although the Indonesian army in May issued guidelines to its forces to respect civilian lives and property.Protection of NoncombatantsCommon article 3 to the Geneva Conventions provides for the humane treatment of civilians and other persons not taking an active part in the hostilities (including captured members of opposing armed forces). Prohibited at all times are murder, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; taking of hostages; outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment; and summary trials.77In contrast to international conflicts, the law governing internal armed conflicts does not recognize the so-called "combatant's privilege," which provides combatants special status.78Thus, the Indonesian government is not obliged to grant captured GAM members prisoner-of-war status, nor is GAM so required to treat captured Indonesian soldiers. However, any party can agree to treat its captives as prisoners of war, and all parties are required to treat captured combatants-and civilians-humanely.Protection of the Civilian PopulationHumanitarian law seeks to protect civilians from the hardships of war. The distinction between civilians and combatants is fundamental to the laws of armed conflict. In situations of internal armed conflict, generally speaking, a civilian is anyone who is not a member of the armed forces or of an organized armed group that is a party to the conflict.79Thus policemen without combat duties are not legitimate military targets.80Likewise, civilians who directly participate in fighting lose their immunity from attack for as long as they directly participate in hostilities.81A fundamental rule of humanitarian law is that the civilian population and individual civilians shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence against the civilian population that spread terror are also prohibited.82Common article 3 sets basic standards for the prosecution and punishment of criminal offenses related to the armed conflict. A party to the conflict may only impose a sentence after a judgment by a regularly constituted court providing fair trial guarantees.83Civilians are likewise protected from "collective punishment," which
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
X. THE ACEH KONFLIK DAN HUKUM KEMANUSIAAN INTERNASIONAL pasukan Indonesia dan GAM di Aceh terikat oleh hukum kemanusiaan internasional, juga dikenal sebagai hukum perang. Konflik di Aceh dianggap sebagai (internal) konflik bersenjata non-internasional, dimana hukum yang berlaku termasuk Pasal 3 umum untuk empat Konvensi Jenewa tahun 1949, Protokol Tambahan Kedua Konvensi Jenewa (Protokol II), dan hukum adat dari war.76 Indonesia menjadi pihak pada Konvensi Jenewa tahun 1958. Penerapan Konvensi Jenewa tidak memberi status pada GAM, juga tidak diperlukan untuk setiap pemerintah untuk mengakui status berperang GAM untuk hukum humaniter yang relevan untuk menerapkan . Meskipun Indonesia bukan merupakan pihak Protokol II, banyak jika tidak semua ketentuannya mencerminkan hukum kebiasaan internasional. Human Rights Watch telah mendokumentasikan berbagai pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional oleh kedua belah pihak. Pasukan Indonesia telah terlibat dalam eksekusi warga sipil dan menangkap anggota GAM atau diduga anggota, serangan langsung terhadap warga sipil dan properti sipil, penggunaan kekuatan militer pandang bulu atau yang tidak proporsional, dan penggunaan hukuman kolektif. Mereka juga telah bertanggung jawab atas pelanggaran hukum hak asasi manusia internasional, termasuk eksekusi di luar hukum, "penghilangan," perkosaan, penyiksaan dan penangkapan sewenang-wenang, serta menerapkan pembatasan sah atas hak untuk berekspresi, berserikat dan berkumpul. Pasukan GAM telah terlibat dalam eksekusi warga sipil dan tentara ditangkap, perusakan properti sipil, dan penahanan tidak sah. Sampai saat ini, baik pemerintah Indonesia maupun GAM telah secara terbuka menyatakan komitmennya untuk mematuhi hukum kemanusiaan internasional per se, meskipun tentara Indonesia pada bulan Mei mengeluarkan panduan untuk pasukannya untuk menghormati kehidupan sipil dan properti. Perlindungan ikut berperang umum pasal 3 ke Jenewa Konvensi menyediakan untuk perlakuan yang manusiawi terhadap warga sipil dan orang lain tidak mengambil bagian aktif dalam permusuhan (termasuk anggota ditangkap menentang angkatan bersenjata). Dilarang setiap saat adalah pembunuhan, mutilasi, perlakuan kejam dan penyiksaan; mengambil sandera; kemarahan atas martabat pribadi, di memalukan tertentu dan merendahkan martabat; dan ringkasan trials.77 Berbeda dengan konflik internasional, hukum yang mengatur konflik bersenjata internal tidak mengakui apa yang disebut "hak istimewa kombatan ini," yang menyediakan pejuang status.78Thus khusus, pemerintah Indonesia tidak berkewajiban untuk memberikan anggota GAM ditangkap prisoner- status perang, juga tidak GAM sehingga diperlukan untuk mengobati ditangkap tentara Indonesia. Namun, pihak manapun bisa setuju untuk mengobati tawanan sebagai tawanan perang, dan semua pihak diminta untuk mengobati ditangkap pejuang-dan warga sipil-manusiawi. Perlindungan Penduduk Sipil hukum Humaniter berusaha untuk melindungi warga sipil dari kesulitan perang. Perbedaan antara warga sipil dan kombatan merupakan dasar hukum konflik bersenjata. Dalam situasi konflik bersenjata internal, secara umum, seorang warga sipil adalah orang yang bukan anggota angkatan bersenjata atau kelompok bersenjata terorganisir yang pihak ke polisi conflict.79Thus tanpa tugas tempur tidak sah targets.80Likewise militer, warga sipil yang langsung ikut dalam pertempuran kehilangan kekebalan mereka dari serangan selama mereka langsung berpartisipasi dalam hostilities.81 Aturan dasar hukum kemanusiaan adalah bahwa penduduk sipil dan warga sipil individu tidak akan menjadi obyek serangan. Tindakan atau ancaman kekerasan terhadap penduduk sipil yang menyebar teror juga prohibited.82 artikel umum 3 set standar dasar untuk penuntutan dan hukuman tindak pidana yang berkaitan dengan konflik bersenjata. Sebuah pihak yang terlibat konflik hanya dapat mengenakan kalimat setelah penghakiman oleh pengadilan secara teratur merupakan menyediakan guarantees.83Civilians pengadilan yang adil yang juga dilindungi dari "hukuman kolektif", yang










Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: