The Perspective Taking (PT) scale measures the tendency to take the ps terjemahan - The Perspective Taking (PT) scale measures the tendency to take the ps Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The Perspective Taking (PT) scale m

The Perspective Taking (PT) scale measures the tendency to take the psychological point of view of others. You could probably look at this as cognitive (thinking) empathy. Items of the IRIptscale address one's tendency to take another's point-of-view, akin to the “theory of mind” (e.g. “When I am upset at someone, I usually try to ‘put myself in his shoes’ for a while.”). The IRI subscale PT assesses the tendency to spontaneously adopt the psychological point of view of others.
The Empathic Concern (EC) scale measures sympathy and concern for others. You could probably look at this as emotional empathy. IRIec items relate to feelings of empathy towards others (e.g. “When I see someone being taken advantage of, I feel kind of protective towards them.”). The EC subscale measures other-oriented feelings of sympathy and concern for others in distress.
The Personal Distress (PD) scale measures the kind of feelings (anxiety, etc.) that gets in the way of helping others. IRIpd addresses the tendency to experience distress in stressful situations (e.g. “In emergency situations, I feel apprehensive and ill-at-ease.”). The PD subscale assesses self-oriented anxiety when experiencing others in distress.
A summation of the four subscales is meaningless. A problem that has frequently accompanied use of the IRI is linked to the method proposed for calculating a total score, which is obtained by summing individual subscale scores and is considered an index of high or low empathy. Employing a summation of the IRI subscale scores as an index of high or low empathy is not possible because the four subscales are not all positively correlated (Davis, 1980), meaning that increases in every subscale are not considered indicative of greater levels of empathy. Yet, as D’Orazio (2004) clarified, this use of a ‘‘total empathy score’’ is unfounded, because the IRI’s subscales do not all correlate positively (Albiero et al., 2006; Davis, 1983; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1990). The crucial point, however, is that the IRI’s main limits do not depend so much on the scale’s psychometric properties, but on the improper use frequently made of them.



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The Perspective Taking (PT) scale measures the tendency to take the psychological point of view of others. You could probably look at this as cognitive (thinking) empathy. Items of the IRIptscale address one's tendency to take another's point-of-view, akin to the “theory of mind” (e.g. “When I am upset at someone, I usually try to ‘put myself in his shoes’ for a while.”). The IRI subscale PT assesses the tendency to spontaneously adopt the psychological point of view of others.The Empathic Concern (EC) scale measures sympathy and concern for others. You could probably look at this as emotional empathy. IRIec items relate to feelings of empathy towards others (e.g. “When I see someone being taken advantage of, I feel kind of protective towards them.”). The EC subscale measures other-oriented feelings of sympathy and concern for others in distress.The Personal Distress (PD) scale measures the kind of feelings (anxiety, etc.) that gets in the way of helping others. IRIpd addresses the tendency to experience distress in stressful situations (e.g. “In emergency situations, I feel apprehensive and ill-at-ease.”). The PD subscale assesses self-oriented anxiety when experiencing others in distress.A summation of the four subscales is meaningless. A problem that has frequently accompanied use of the IRI is linked to the method proposed for calculating a total score, which is obtained by summing individual subscale scores and is considered an index of high or low empathy. Employing a summation of the IRI subscale scores as an index of high or low empathy is not possible because the four subscales are not all positively correlated (Davis, 1980), meaning that increases in every subscale are not considered indicative of greater levels of empathy. Yet, as D’Orazio (2004) clarified, this use of a ‘‘total empathy score’’ is unfounded, because the IRI’s subscales do not all correlate positively (Albiero et al., 2006; Davis, 1983; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1990). The crucial point, however, is that the IRI’s main limits do not depend so much on the scale’s psychometric properties, but on the improper use frequently made of them.


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Perspektif tindakan Mengambil (PT) skala kecenderungan untuk mengambil sudut pandang psikologis dari orang lain. Anda mungkin bisa melihat ini sebagai kognitif (berpikir) empati. Item dari kecenderungan IRIptscale alamat seseorang untuk mengambil lain point-of-view, mirip dengan "teori pikiran" (misalnya "Ketika saya marah pada seseorang, saya biasanya mencoba untuk 'menempatkan diri dalam sepatu' untuk sementara waktu." ). IRI subskala PT menilai kecenderungan untuk secara spontan mengadopsi sudut pandang psikologis dari orang lain.
The empatik Concern (EC) skala tindakan simpati dan kepedulian terhadap orang lain. Anda mungkin bisa melihat empati emosional ini. Item IRIec berhubungan dengan perasaan empati terhadap orang lain (misalnya "Ketika saya melihat seseorang dimanfaatkan, saya merasa agak protektif terhadap mereka."). EC tindakan subskala perasaan lain yang berorientasi simpati dan kepedulian terhadap orang lain dalam kesulitan.
The Distress Pribadi (PD) langkah-langkah skala jenis perasaan (kecemasan, dll) yang mendapat di jalan membantu orang lain. IRIpd membahas kecenderungan untuk mengalami penderitaan dalam situasi stres (misalnya "Dalam situasi darurat, saya merasa khawatir dan sakit-di-kemudahan."). PD subskala menilai kecemasan berorientasi diri ketika mengalami lain dalam kesulitan.
Sebuah penjumlahan dari empat sub-skala berarti. Masalah yang sering disertai penggunaan IRI ini terkait dengan metode yang diusulkan untuk menghitung skor total, yang diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan skor subskala individu dan dianggap indeks empati tinggi atau rendah. Mempekerjakan penjumlahan dari subskala skor IRI sebagai indeks empati yang tinggi atau rendah tidak mungkin karena empat sub-skala tidak semua berkorelasi positif (Davis, 1980), yang berarti bahwa kenaikan setiap subskala tidak dianggap indikasi tingkat yang lebih besar dari empati. Namun, seperti D'Orazio (2004) menjelaskan, penggunaan ini dari '' Total empati skor '' tidak berdasar, karena sub-skala yang IRI tidak semua berkorelasi positif (Albiero et al, 2006;. Davis, 1983; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1990). Titik penting, bagaimanapun, adalah bahwa batas utama IRI tidak sangat tergantung pada sifat psikometrik skala, tetapi pada penggunaan yang tidak tepat sering dibuat dari mereka.



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