Results of Return Prediction Studies The time-series analysis assumes that in an efficient
market the best estimate of future rates of return will be the long-run historical rates of
return. The point of the tests is to determine whether any public information will provide superior
estimates of returns for a short-run horizon (one to six months) or a long-run horizon (one
to five years).
The results of these studies have indicated limited success in predicting short-horizon returns,
but the analysis of long-horizon returns has been quite successful. A prime example is dividend
yield studies. After postulating that the aggregate dividend yield (D/P) was a proxy for the risk
premium on stocks, they found a positive relationship between the D/P and future stock market
returns. Subsequent authors found that the predictive power of this relationship increases with
the horizon, that is, dividend yields were better at predicting long-run returns.
In addition, several studies have considered two variables related to the term structure of
interest rates: (1) a default spread, which is the difference between the yields on lower-grade and
Aaa-rated long-term corporate bonds (this spread has been used in earlier chapters of this book
as a proxy for a market risk premium), and (2) the term structure spread, which is the difference
between the long-term Aaa yield and the yield on one-month Treasury bills. These variables have
been used to predict stock returns and bond returns. Similar variables in foreign countries have
also been useful for predicting returns for foreign common stocks.
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