Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
Martinhad been back in Washington27400:19:37,142 --> 00:19:39,910trying to persuade Congressto vote additional aid.27500:19:39,911 --> 00:19:43,047Do you have anything to sayon your arrival?27600:19:43,048 --> 00:19:45,248He has no statement to make.27700:19:45,249 --> 00:19:48,817He came back to Saigon,27800:19:48,818 --> 00:19:50,952and my boss,the CIA station chief, said,27900:19:50,953 --> 00:19:53,422"Go down and tell the old manwhat's happening."28000:19:53,423 --> 00:19:55,757I went and I said,"Mr. Ambassador,28100:19:55,758 --> 00:19:59,861"half of the South VietnameseArmy has disintegrated.28200:19:59,862 --> 00:20:01,196"We're in grave trouble.28300:20:02,029 --> 00:20:04,699"Please, sir,plan for an evacuation.28400:20:04,700 --> 00:20:07,499"At least allow usto begin putting together28500:20:07,500 --> 00:20:10,202lists of South Vietnamesewe should rescue."28600:20:10,203 --> 00:20:14,772And he said, "No, Frank.28700:20:14,773 --> 00:20:17,242"It's not so bleak.28800:20:17,243 --> 00:20:22,113And I won't havethis negative talk."28900:20:22,114 --> 00:20:25,216Young officers in the embassy29000:20:25,217 --> 00:20:29,385began to mobilizea black operation,29100:20:29,386 --> 00:20:35,324meaning a makeshiftunderground railway evacuation29200:20:35,325 --> 00:20:38,326using outgoing cargo aircraft29300:20:38,327 --> 00:20:43,530that would be totally below
the radar of the Ambassador.
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People like myself and others
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took the bull by the horns
and organized an evacuation.
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00:20:49,804 --> 00:20:52,672
In my case,
that meant friends of mine
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who were senior officers in
the South Vietnamese military.
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00:20:56,743 --> 00:21:01,847
As the North Vietnamese came
closer and closer to Saigon,
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these people
were dead men walking.
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00:21:08,086 --> 00:21:09,854
I had arranged a signal
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with my intelligence
community friends
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00:21:11,722 --> 00:21:13,924
that if I said,
"I'm having a barbecue,"
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00:21:13,925 --> 00:21:16,593
that meant come to a certain
pre-designated place
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00:21:16,594 --> 00:21:18,829
and bring your families
and only bring one suitcase
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00:21:19,029 --> 00:21:21,197
because we're going
to have a party.
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00:21:21,198 --> 00:21:23,232
But it was understood
the party meant
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I was going to get them out.
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00:21:27,971 --> 00:21:31,739
Black Ops were essentially
violating the rules...
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00:21:31,740 --> 00:21:33,607
In this case meaning,
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you're not allowed to bring out
Vietnamese military people
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00:21:36,811 --> 00:21:41,147
who were under obligation
to stand and fight.
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00:21:41,148 --> 00:21:44,351
We were fully expecting
if we got caught doing this
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that we would be run
out of country.
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End of career, do not pass go.
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00:21:48,121 --> 00:21:53,490
But sometimes there's an issue
not of legal and illegal,
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00:21:53,491 --> 00:21:55,163
but right or wrong.
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The deputy defense attaché
moved out Vietnamese personnel
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00:22:01,465 --> 00:22:06,368
and their families to Clark Air
Base in the Philippines
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00:22:06,369 --> 00:22:08,037
without any approval whatsoever,
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without any immigration papers,
anything...
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Passports, you name it.
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00:22:12,576 --> 00:22:15,344
And when they began showing up
in the Philippines,
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Martin hit the roof
and fired him!
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00:22:17,747 --> 00:22:22,482
But that didn't stop
other State Department people
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who had Vietnamese friends
and family members.
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00:22:27,189 --> 00:22:30,067
They continued to organize
these makeshift airlifts.
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00:22:42,067 --> 00:22:44,835
TERRY McNAMARA:
That April, I was in Can Tho,
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which was about 100 miles
from Saigon.
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And we were getting reports
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of this town falling and
that province falling and so on.
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And then we were attacked.
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00:22:57,279 --> 00:23:02,451
Sergeant Hasty came by to
give me a report on the damage.
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00:23:02,452 --> 00:23:06,453
Can Tho came under pretty
intense artillery bombardment.
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00:23:06,454 --> 00:23:09,324
The North Vietnamese had overrun
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00:23:09,325 --> 00:23:13,794
some South Vietnamese
artillery batteries
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00:23:13,795 --> 00:23:21,701
and managed to turn those around
and shell the center of Can Tho.
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00:23:21,702 --> 00:23:25,005
We knew that
the situation was bad.
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00:23:26,005 --> 00:23:31,742
We could see that the South
Vietnamese Army was eroding.
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00:23:31,743 --> 00:23:34,210
Supplies had been cut off
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00:23:34,211 --> 00:23:37,551
and you could see
the armaments dwindling.
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00:23:41,551 --> 00:23:45,422
McNAMARA: We were, under the
terms of the Paris Agreement,
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committed to resupplying
the South Vietnamese.
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They lacked simple things,
like barbed wire
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and bags for sand bags.
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00:23:56,832 --> 00:24:00,433
They were rationing
their artillery shells
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because they were running out.
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00:24:03,070 --> 00:24:05,337
The military support,
the material support,
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was not coming.
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When President Ford
went before the Congress,
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he had two major concerns.
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The first was to save
as many people as we could.
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He cared for the human beings
involved;
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they were not just pawns
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that once they had lost their
military power were abandoned.
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00:24:34,030 --> 00:24:39,166
The second was the honor
of America,
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that we would not be seen at
the final agony of South Vietnam
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00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:49,747
as having stabbed it
in the back.
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Congress wouldn't pass it.
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00:24:56,884 --> 00:24:59,317
They said, "No more.
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No more troops, no more money,
no more aid to the Vietnamese."
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Well, I had to go into President
Ford's office to tell him.
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I had never heard Ford
use a curse word
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in all the time I'd known him.
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But when I showed him
this story, he said,
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"Those sons of bitches."
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I think there were a total
of 50 ships that were there.
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I mean, it wasn't just us;
it was a whole bunch of ships.
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We were standing by
for the evacuation of Americans.
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I was a terrible letter writer.
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I would write one letter
for my wife's ten letters,
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and she didn't like that,
so she said,
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"We're going to exchange tapes."
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So I would run
into my stateroom,
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turn the tape recorder on
for a couple of minutes
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and tell her what's happening.
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I really don't know
where to start.
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It's been such an unusual
couple days for us.
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We went with the rest
of this huge task force of ours
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up into about, oh,
20 miles off the coast,
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basically east of Saigon.
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As most Navy operations are,
it was very carefully planned.
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We planned it to death.
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The chain of command,
as I understood it
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as a captain of the United
States Marine Corps,
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and I think I got it right,
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is that for any evacuation,
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that decision
is the Ambassador's decision.
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Graham Martin
is the responsible guy.
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But the military is responsible
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for giving him
all kinds of plans.
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And this is how we got
into the four options.
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The first option was
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you would take commercial ships
right up the Saigon River
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to a couple blocks
from the embassy.
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You would load
whoever you wanted
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to bring out on these ships
and you'd be done with it.
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The second option was, you know,
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United and Continental
and Flying Tiger Airlines
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were still using Tan Son Nhut
Air Force Base at the time,
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and you could've brought
anybody you wanted out
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by commercial aviation.
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00:27:36,519 --> 00:27:39,355
The third option was military
fixed-wing aviation...
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The C5As, the C-141s,
which carry a lot
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