A substantial number of recent studies have examined the relationship  terjemahan - A substantial number of recent studies have examined the relationship  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

A substantial number of recent stud

A substantial number of recent studies have examined the relationship between poverty and corruption to clarify the ways in which these phenomena interact. An understanding of this complex relationship can inform USAID planning and programming in democracy and governance, as well as in poverty reduction strategies.

Corruption in the public sector -- the misuse of public office for private gain -- is often viewed as exacerbating conditions of poverty (low income, poor health and education status, vulnerability to shocks and other characteristics) in countries already struggling with the strains of economic growth and democratic transition. Alternatively, countries experiencing chronic poverty are seen as natural breeding grounds for systemic corruption due to social and income inequalities and perverse economic incentives.

The literature points to the conclusion that corruption, by itself, does not produce poverty.

Rather, corruption has direct consequences on economic and governance factors, intermediaries that in turn produce poverty . Thus, the relationship examined by researchers is an indirect one. This paper discusses two major models explaining this moderated linkage between corruption and poverty: an economic model and a governance model.

The Economic Model postulates that corruption affects poverty by first impacting economic growth factors, which, in turn, impact poverty levels. Economic theory and empirical evidence both demonstrate that there is a direct causal link between corruption and economic growth. Corruption impedes economic growth by discouraging foreign and domestic investment, taxing and dampening entrepreneurship, lowering the quality of public infrastructure, decreasing tax revenues, diverting public talent into rent-seeking, and distorting the composition of public expenditure. In addition to limiting economic growth, there is evidence that corruption also exacerbates income inequality; regression analysis has shown a positive correlation between corruption and income inequality. Explanations for this link are that corruption distorts the economy and the legal and policy frameworks allowing some to benefit more than others; there is unfair distribution of government resources and services; corruption reduces the progressivity of the tax system; corruption increases the inequality of factor ownership; and lower income households (and businesses) pay a higher proportion of their income in bribes than do middle or upper-income households. Economic growth and income inequality are important because they link corruption to poverty. Studies show that the absence of economic growth (or negative growth) increases poverty. Inversely, tests have shown that an increase in GDP produces an increase in the income of the poor. However, income distribution is an important mediating factor because economic growth may not always benefit the poor.


0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
A substantial number of recent studies have examined the relationship between poverty and corruption to clarify the ways in which these phenomena interact. An understanding of this complex relationship can inform USAID planning and programming in democracy and governance, as well as in poverty reduction strategies.Corruption in the public sector -- the misuse of public office for private gain -- is often viewed as exacerbating conditions of poverty (low income, poor health and education status, vulnerability to shocks and other characteristics) in countries already struggling with the strains of economic growth and democratic transition. Alternatively, countries experiencing chronic poverty are seen as natural breeding grounds for systemic corruption due to social and income inequalities and perverse economic incentives.The literature points to the conclusion that corruption, by itself, does not produce poverty.Rather, corruption has direct consequences on economic and governance factors, intermediaries that in turn produce poverty . Thus, the relationship examined by researchers is an indirect one. This paper discusses two major models explaining this moderated linkage between corruption and poverty: an economic model and a governance model.The Economic Model postulates that corruption affects poverty by first impacting economic growth factors, which, in turn, impact poverty levels. Economic theory and empirical evidence both demonstrate that there is a direct causal link between corruption and economic growth. Corruption impedes economic growth by discouraging foreign and domestic investment, taxing and dampening entrepreneurship, lowering the quality of public infrastructure, decreasing tax revenues, diverting public talent into rent-seeking, and distorting the composition of public expenditure. In addition to limiting economic growth, there is evidence that corruption also exacerbates income inequality; regression analysis has shown a positive correlation between corruption and income inequality. Explanations for this link are that corruption distorts the economy and the legal and policy frameworks allowing some to benefit more than others; there is unfair distribution of government resources and services; corruption reduces the progressivity of the tax system; corruption increases the inequality of factor ownership; and lower income households (and businesses) pay a higher proportion of their income in bribes than do middle or upper-income households. Economic growth and income inequality are important because they link corruption to poverty. Studies show that the absence of economic growth (or negative growth) increases poverty. Inversely, tests have shown that an increase in GDP produces an increase in the income of the poor. However, income distribution is an important mediating factor because economic growth may not always benefit the poor.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Sejumlah besar studi terbaru telah meneliti hubungan antara kemiskinan dan korupsi untuk memperjelas cara di mana fenomena ini berinteraksi. Pemahaman tentang hubungan yang kompleks ini dapat menginformasikan USAID perencanaan dan pemrograman dalam demokrasi dan pemerintahan, serta dalam strategi pengurangan kemiskinan.

Korupsi di sektor publik - penyalahgunaan jabatan publik untuk keuntungan pribadi - sering dipandang sebagai memperburuk kondisi kemiskinan (berpenghasilan rendah, kesehatan dan pendidikan yang buruk status, kerentanan terhadap guncangan dan karakteristik lainnya) di negara-negara yang sudah berjuang dengan alunan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan transisi demokrasi. Atau, negara mengalami kemiskinan kronis dipandang sebagai tempat berkembang biak alami untuk korupsi sistemik karena kesenjangan sosial dan pendapatan dan insentif ekonomi yang sesat.

Poin literatur pada kesimpulan bahwa korupsi, dengan sendirinya, tidak menghasilkan kemiskinan.

Sebaliknya, korupsi memiliki konsekuensi langsung pada faktor ekonomi dan pemerintahan, perantara yang pada gilirannya menghasilkan kemiskinan. Dengan demikian, hubungan diperiksa oleh peneliti adalah satu tidak langsung. Makalah ini membahas dua model utama menjelaskan keterkaitan moderator ini antara korupsi dan kemiskinan. Model ekonomi dan model pemerintahan

Model Ekonomi mendalilkan bahwa korupsi mempengaruhi kemiskinan dengan terlebih dahulu berdampak faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang, pada gilirannya, tingkat kemiskinan dampak. Teori ekonomi dan bukti empiris kedua menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan sebab akibat langsung antara korupsi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Korupsi menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan mengecilkan investasi asing dan domestik, pajak dan peredam kewirausahaan, menurunkan kualitas infrastruktur publik, penurunan pendapatan pajak, mengalihkan bakat publik ke rent-seeking, dan mendistorsi komposisi belanja publik. Selain membatasi pertumbuhan ekonomi, ada bukti bahwa korupsi juga memperparah ketimpangan pendapatan; analisis regresi menunjukkan korelasi positif antara korupsi dan ketimpangan pendapatan. Penjelasan untuk link ini adalah bahwa korupsi mendistorsi ekonomi dan kerangka hukum dan kebijakan yang memungkinkan beberapa manfaat lebih dari yang lain; ada distribusi yang tidak adil dari sumber daya pemerintah dan jasa; korupsi mengurangi progresivitas sistem pajak; korupsi meningkatkan ketimpangan kepemilikan faktor; dan rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah (dan bisnis) membayar proporsi yang lebih tinggi dari pendapatan mereka di suap daripada rumah tangga berpendapatan menengah ke atas atau. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pendapatan yang penting karena mereka link korupsi kemiskinan. Studi menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi (atau pertumbuhan negatif) meningkatkan kemiskinan. Terbalik, tes telah menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan GDP menghasilkan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat miskin. Namun, distribusi pendapatan merupakan faktor mediasi penting karena pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak selalu menguntungkan orang miskin.


Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2024 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: