This section pertains to the critical DNA adducts box in the central t terjemahan - This section pertains to the critical DNA adducts box in the central t Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

This section pertains to the critic

This section pertains to the critical DNA adducts box in the central track of Figure 1. We know from multiple studies carried out in the second half of the 20th century that genotoxic carcinogens, either directly or after metabolic activation, react with DNA to form covalently bound DNA adducts that are absolutely central in the carcinogenic process because they can cause miscoding events in critical genes. In many experimental systems, cancer induction increases in tandem with increases in specific promutagenic DNA adducts and decreases when adduct formation is blocked.

As summarized in the chapter by Phillips et al in this issue, there is convincing evidence for the presence of multiple DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers, with levels that are higher than those in non-smokers in many studies. Most of this evidence results from the use of non-specific DNA adduct detection techniques such as 32P-postlabelling and immunoassay. While these studies are convincing in aggregate, none of them provide information on DNA adduct structures, thus preventing one from working backwards to the offending carcinogen or toxicant. Only 20 structurally characterized DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers have been reported to date.59–63 This is remarkable in view of the fact that there are 73 established carcinogens in cigarette smoke and each can form multiple DNA adducts. The structures of the identified adducts are illustrated in Figure 2. Clearly, this is an area where further research is required.
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This section pertains to the critical DNA adducts box in the central track of Figure 1. We know from multiple studies carried out in the second half of the 20th century that genotoxic carcinogens, either directly or after metabolic activation, react with DNA to form covalently bound DNA adducts that are absolutely central in the carcinogenic process because they can cause miscoding events in critical genes. In many experimental systems, cancer induction increases in tandem with increases in specific promutagenic DNA adducts and decreases when adduct formation is blocked.As summarized in the chapter by Phillips et al in this issue, there is convincing evidence for the presence of multiple DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers, with levels that are higher than those in non-smokers in many studies. Most of this evidence results from the use of non-specific DNA adduct detection techniques such as 32P-postlabelling and immunoassay. While these studies are convincing in aggregate, none of them provide information on DNA adduct structures, thus preventing one from working backwards to the offending carcinogen or toxicant. Only 20 structurally characterized DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers have been reported to date.59–63 This is remarkable in view of the fact that there are 73 established carcinogens in cigarette smoke and each can form multiple DNA adducts. The structures of the identified adducts are illustrated in Figure 2. Clearly, this is an area where further research is required.
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Bagian ini berkaitan dengan kotak adduct DNA penting dalam jalur tengah Gambar 1. Kita tahu dari beberapa studi yang dilakukan pada paruh kedua abad ke-20 yang karsinogen genotoksik, baik secara langsung atau setelah aktivasi metabolik, bereaksi dengan DNA untuk membentuk kovalen terikat adducts DNA yang benar-benar tengah dalam proses karsinogenik karena mereka dapat menyebabkan kejadian terjadinya kesalahan coding dalam gen kritis. Dalam banyak sistem eksperimental, kenaikan induksi kanker seiring dengan peningkatan adduct DNA promutagenic spesifik dan menurun ketika pembentukan aduk diblokir. Seperti dirangkum dalam bab oleh Phillips et al dalam masalah ini, ada bukti yang meyakinkan untuk kehadiran beberapa adduct DNA di paru-paru perokok, dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari mereka yang non-perokok dalam banyak studi. Sebagian besar bukti ini hasil dari penggunaan teknik deteksi DNA adduct non-spesifik seperti 32P-Postlabelling dan immunoassay. Sementara studi ini meyakinkan secara agregat, tidak satupun dari mereka memberikan informasi tentang struktur DNA adduct, sehingga mencegah salah satu dari bekerja mundur ke karsinogen menyinggung atau racun. Hanya 20 struktural ditandai adduct DNA di paru-paru perokok telah dilaporkan date.59-63 ini luar biasa mengingat fakta bahwa ada 73 karsinogen didirikan pada asap rokok dan masing-masing dapat membentuk beberapa adduct DNA. Struktur dari adduct diidentifikasi diilustrasikan dalam Gambar 2. Jelas, ini adalah area di mana penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan.

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