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Pre-Saussurean Linguistics Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, philology, not linguistics, was the science of language. Such an emphasis reflected the nineteeth-century philologists’ theorerical assumptions of the nature of language. In the first decade of the 1900s, a Swiss philologist and teacher, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), began questioning these long-held ideas and, by so doing, triggered a reformation in language study. Saussure began his linguistic revolution by affirming the validity and necessity of the diachronic approach to language study used by such nineteenth century philologists as the Grimm brothers and Karl Verner. Unlike many of his contemporary linguists, Saussure rejected the mimetic theory of language structure,
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