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work performed in the laboratory, which may include demonstrations and computer simulations in addition to hands-on experimental work. While there continues to be a widespread belief that lab work is necessary in order for students to gain a concep- tual understanding of the scientific disciplines and to develop a wide range of practical skills, there is no universal guide as to the objectives of introductory practical lab work (Kirschner & Mester, 1988). In addition, educators have identified several challenges associated with lab work and, given the time and resources necessary, many are questioning whether learning outcomes can be achieved more effectively and effi- ciently by other means.Domin (1999, 2007) identifies four styles of lab instruction: expository, discovery, inquiry, and problem-based. The expository style of instruction is evident in most first- year labs where the result is known in advance, the experimental procedure is standard, and minimal data analysis is required. In senior-level laboratory courses, students encounter an inquiry or problem-based style where experiments are more open-ended and complex. With considerably less supervision than previously encountered, students must determine the best procedure to conduct the investigation and are encouraged to question their results and show limitations of theory. If implemented properly, Domin says that students will acquire knowledge and develop a rich under- standing of concepts, models, and theories. In this study, we focus on discovery-style laboratories at the second-year level. The challenge for students at this level is to effi- ciently conduct the experiment and to appropriately interpret the results obtained.
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