Retinal photoreceptor cells are uniquely adapted to function over a wi terjemahan - Retinal photoreceptor cells are uniquely adapted to function over a wi Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Retinal photoreceptor cells are uni

Retinal photoreceptor cells are uniquely adapted to function over a wide range of ambient light
conditions. However, in most species prolonged intense visible light exposure can lead to
photoreceptor cell damage. In nocturnal animals, the light intensity required for visual cell
damage need be only 2–3 times above normal room lighting (Noell 1965; Noell et al., 1966).
Visual cell damage can then progress to cell death and loss of vision, or “retinal light damage”
may regress with recovery of function.
For many years, and based primarily on similar end point morphologies, retinal light damage
has served as a model for human retinal degenerations arising from environmental insult, aging
and genetic disease. For example, there are remarkable similarities between late stage retinal
cell remodeling in light damaged rodent retinas and the anatomical changes found in advanced
atrophic AMD (Marc et al., 2008). Intense light exposure has also been used as an
environmental stressor in testing genetic animal models of photoreceptor cell degeneration.
The outcomes of this work have improved our understanding of both visual transduction and
retinal degenerations, but a fundamental question remains. How can animal models of retinal
degeneration impact our understanding of the effects of light on the progression of human
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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Retinal photoreceptor cells are uniquely adapted to function over a wide range of ambient lightconditions. However, in most species prolonged intense visible light exposure can lead tophotoreceptor cell damage. In nocturnal animals, the light intensity required for visual celldamage need be only 2–3 times above normal room lighting (Noell 1965; Noell et al., 1966).Visual cell damage can then progress to cell death and loss of vision, or “retinal light damage”may regress with recovery of function.For many years, and based primarily on similar end point morphologies, retinal light damagehas served as a model for human retinal degenerations arising from environmental insult, agingand genetic disease. For example, there are remarkable similarities between late stage retinalcell remodeling in light damaged rodent retinas and the anatomical changes found in advancedatrophic AMD (Marc et al., 2008). Intense light exposure has also been used as anenvironmental stressor in testing genetic animal models of photoreceptor cell degeneration.The outcomes of this work have improved our understanding of both visual transduction andretinal degenerations, but a fundamental question remains. How can animal models of retinaldegeneration impact our understanding of the effects of light on the progression of human
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Sel fotoreseptor retina secara unik disesuaikan dengan fungsi melalui berbagai cahaya ambient
kondisi. Namun, di sebagian besar spesies berkepanjangan intens paparan cahaya dapat menyebabkan
kerusakan sel fotoreseptor. Pada hewan nokturnal, intensitas cahaya yang dibutuhkan untuk sel visual yang
kerusakan perlu hanya 2-3 kali di atas pencahayaan ruangan normal (Noell 1965;. Noell et al, 1966).
kerusakan sel Visual kemudian dapat berkembang menjadi kematian dan kehilangan penglihatan sel, atau "kerusakan ringan retina"
mungkin mundur dengan pemulihan fungsi.
Selama bertahun-tahun, dan terutama didasarkan pada morfologi titik akhir yang sama, kerusakan ringan retina
telah menjabat sebagai model untuk degenerasi retina manusia yang timbul dari penghinaan lingkungan, penuaan
dan penyakit genetik. Misalnya, ada kemiripan luar biasa antara tahap akhir retina
renovasi sel dalam cahaya yang rusak retina tikus dan perubahan anatomis ditemukan dalam lanjutan
AMD atrofi (Marc et al., 2008). Paparan cahaya yang kuat juga telah digunakan sebagai
stressor lingkungan dalam pengujian model hewan genetik degenerasi sel fotoreseptor.
Hasil dari pekerjaan ini telah meningkatkan pemahaman kita tentang baik transduksi visual dan
degenerasi retina, tetapi pertanyaan mendasar tetap. Bagaimana model hewan retina dapat
degenerasi mempengaruhi pemahaman kita tentang efek cahaya pada perkembangan manusia
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