to “encourage” correct tax reporting it is likely that enforcement eff terjemahan - to “encourage” correct tax reporting it is likely that enforcement eff Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

to “encourage” correct tax reportin

to “encourage” correct tax reporting it is likely that enforcement effort, audits and penalties, will continue to be a primary tool in the tax authority’s arsenal. However, many tax agencies are exploring
complementary instruments of which one is the provision of information and assistance services to
taxpayers. This revised paradigm recognizes that tax administrators have a role as facilitators and a provider
of services to taxpayer-citizens. Almost everyone agrees that the personal income tax system in the U.S. is
complex. It is counterproductive to make information resolving the complexity costly to obtain and/or unreliable.
2
Further, the “service” paradigm for tax administration fits squarely with the perspective that emphasizes
the role that social norms play in tax compliance (Feld and Frey, 2002).
The effect of such service programs on tax reporting is an open empirical question but intuitively, more
reliable and available service programs will be more likely to positively affect tax reporting behavior. Testing
such a proposition requires an analysis of individual-level data under alternative information service settings.
While some changes in the service programs have been undertaken in the past, there is not a full spectrum of
such programs in existence and so field data are incomplete. Just as important, even for taxpayers that undergo
a full audit, the determination of tax liability is vulnerable to audit error.
As an alternative to analyzing field data, our research utilizes controlled laboratory experiments with
human decision makers and salient financial incentives. Within the laboratory, we determine (hence, know)
the true tax liability, and then identify the effects of information services by systematically varying the setting
across groups of players. In particular, our experimental design varies the degree of accessibility and accuracy
of information services. Our design allows us to observe both the tax reporting behavior as well as the propensity of the taxpayer to obtain information by making information acquisition a (sometimes costly) choice.
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to “encourage” correct tax reporting it is likely that enforcement effort, audits and penalties, will continue to be a primary tool in the tax authority’s arsenal. However, many tax agencies are exploring complementary instruments of which one is the provision of information and assistance services to taxpayers. This revised paradigm recognizes that tax administrators have a role as facilitators and a provider of services to taxpayer-citizens. Almost everyone agrees that the personal income tax system in the U.S. is complex. It is counterproductive to make information resolving the complexity costly to obtain and/or unreliable.2Further, the “service” paradigm for tax administration fits squarely with the perspective that emphasizes the role that social norms play in tax compliance (Feld and Frey, 2002).The effect of such service programs on tax reporting is an open empirical question but intuitively, more reliable and available service programs will be more likely to positively affect tax reporting behavior. Testing such a proposition requires an analysis of individual-level data under alternative information service settings. While some changes in the service programs have been undertaken in the past, there is not a full spectrum of such programs in existence and so field data are incomplete. Just as important, even for taxpayers that undergo a full audit, the determination of tax liability is vulnerable to audit error.As an alternative to analyzing field data, our research utilizes controlled laboratory experiments with human decision makers and salient financial incentives. Within the laboratory, we determine (hence, know) the true tax liability, and then identify the effects of information services by systematically varying the setting across groups of players. In particular, our experimental design varies the degree of accessibility and accuracy of information services. Our design allows us to observe both the tax reporting behavior as well as the propensity of the taxpayer to obtain information by making information acquisition a (sometimes costly) choice.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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untuk "mendorong" pajak yang benar melaporkan kemungkinan bahwa upaya penegakan hukum, audit dan hukuman, akan terus menjadi alat utama dalam gudang otoritas pajak ini. Namun, banyak lembaga pajak mengeksplorasi
instrumen pelengkap yang satu adalah penyediaan layanan informasi dan bantuan kepada
pembayar pajak. Paradigma revisi ini mengakui bahwa administrator pajak memiliki peran sebagai fasilitator dan penyedia
layanan kepada wajib pajak-warga. Hampir semua orang setuju bahwa sistem pajak penghasilan pribadi di Amerika Serikat adalah
kompleks. Hal ini kontraproduktif untuk membuat informasi menyelesaikan kompleksitas mahal untuk mendapatkan dan / atau tidak dapat diandalkan.
2
Selanjutnya, "layanan" paradigma administrasi pajak sesuai tepat dengan perspektif yang menekankan
peran bahwa norma-norma sosial bermain di kepatuhan pajak (Feld dan Frey, 2002 ).
pengaruh program layanan tersebut pada pelaporan pajak adalah pertanyaan empiris terbuka tapi intuitif, lebih
handal dan tersedia program pelayanan akan lebih cenderung positif mempengaruhi perilaku pelaporan pajak. Pengujian
proposisi seperti itu memerlukan analisis data individu-tingkat di bawah pengaturan layanan informasi alternatif.
Sementara beberapa perubahan dalam program layanan telah dilakukan di masa lalu, tidak ada spektrum penuh
program tersebut ada dan sehingga data lapangan tidak lengkap. Sama pentingnya, bahkan untuk wajib pajak yang mengalami
audit penuh, penentuan kewajiban pajak rentan terhadap kesalahan audit.
Sebagai alternatif untuk menganalisis data lapangan, penelitian kami menggunakan dikontrol percobaan laboratorium dengan
pengambil keputusan manusia dan insentif keuangan penting. Dalam laboratorium, kita menentukan (maka, tahu)
kewajiban pajak yang benar, dan kemudian mengidentifikasi efek dari layanan informasi dengan sistematis memvariasikan pengaturan
seluruh kelompok pemain. Secara khusus, desain eksperimental kami bervariasi tingkat aksesibilitas dan akurasi
dari layanan informasi. Desain kami memungkinkan kita untuk mengamati kedua perilaku pelaporan pajak serta kecenderungan wajib pajak untuk memperoleh informasi dengan membuat informasi akuisisi (kadang-kadang mahal) pilihan.
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