positive impacts and minimize the n

positive impacts and minimize the negative impacts of migration on rural development.
Research directions that could widen the scope of the current study to face the food and
environmental sustainability challenges in West Africa are recommended.

2. Non-local sources of income and natural resources management: some theoretical



foundations
In Burkina Faso rural households practice a rain-fed agropastoralism, under conditions
in the northern Sahelian zone that faces a low but extremely variable rainfall, a fragile
environment, and poor agro-climate. Compared to the rural semi-arid Asia, Reardon and
Taylor (1996) found that the West African Semi-Arid Tropics (WASAT) generally faces less
developed rural capital and insurance markets, an extreme climatic variation, severe
environmental degradation, a greater importance of livestock husbandry as an insurance
mechanism, less availability of labor-intensive, low capital-input work for the poor and more
equal land distribution. These environmental and economic factors create incentives for
households to diversify their incomes outside the local crop economy through an outwardoriented
diversification.
Reardon,
Delgado
and
Matlon
(1988)
identified
the
following five
possible
“diversification
push” factors
in the Sahelian
zone:

(a) low and unstable yields
(b) short growing season
(c) lack of irrigation
(d) credit/capital market failure and
(e) land constraints

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

positif dampak dan meminimalkan dampak negatif migrasi pada pembangunan pedesaan.Penelitian arah yang bisa memperluas ruang lingkup penelitian ini untuk menghadapi makanan dankeberlanjutan lingkungan tantangan di Afrika Barat yang direkomendasikan. 2. bebas-lokal sumber pendapatan dan sumber daya alam manajemen: beberapa teoritis Yayasan Di Burkina Faso rumah tangga pedesaan praktek agropastoralism tadah hujan, kondisidi zona Sahelian Utara yang menghadap rendah tetapi sangat variabel curah hujan, rapuhlingkungan, dan agro-iklim miskin. Dibandingkan dengan Asia Semi-Arid pedesaan, Reardon danTaylor (1996) menemukan bahwa Afrika Barat Semi-Arid Tropics (WASAT) umumnya menghadapi kurangdikembangkan pedesaan modal dan pasar asuransi, variasi iklim yang ekstrim, parahdegradasi lingkungan, kepentingan yang lebih besar dari peternakan peternakan sebagai asuransimekanisme, kurang ketersediaan padat karya, rendah modal-masukan bekerja untuk kaum miskin dan lebihdistribusi tanah yang sama. Faktor-faktor lingkungan dan ekonomi ini menciptakan insentif untukrumah tangga untuk diversifikasi pendapatan mereka di luar ekonomi tanaman lokal melalui outwardorienteddiversifikasi.Reardon,DelgadodanMatlon(1988)diidentifikasiTheBerikut limamungkin"diversifikasifaktor-faktor push"di SahelZona:() hasil rendah dan tidak stabil(b) pendek musim tanam(c) kurangnya irigasi(d) kredit/modal pasar kegagalan dan(e) tanah kendala