46What Is Ethics?Thus, if you make a commitment, you have a good reaso terjemahan - 46What Is Ethics?Thus, if you make a commitment, you have a good reaso Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

46What Is Ethics?Thus, if you make

46
What Is Ethics?
Thus, if you make a commitment, you have a good reason for doing some-
thing. But there is a caveat: Should you honor your commitment if doing so
causes harm? Suppose you borrow a gun from your neighbor and promise
to return it when he asks. Should you return it, as promised, if he asks for it
in order to shoot someone? Clearly, in this case, the harm that would result
from honoring your commitment outweighs your responsibility to keep that
promise.
VIII Using the Reasons
Let’s examine how to use these reasons to justify an action. If I am planning
to produce some commodity that brings a profit to the company, earns a
commission for me, benefits society, does not treat anyone unfairly, or does
not violate a promise or commitment, there are nothing but good reasons to
do it. Suppose, however, that I am contemplating falsely declaring profits in
a financial statement developed for a merger. The merger does not benefit
my company, its executives, or the general society; my action is deceptive and
hence unfair, and it violates the relationship of trust my corporation has with
the community. In this scenario, there are nothing but good reasons against
performing the action. (This assumes that you believe your fraud will not be
detected and that you will benefit from it. If you know you’ ll get caught, that
gives you still another good reason not to do it.)
Thus, we have a decision - making procedure. Ask yourself the questions
of common morality. If there are good reasons to perform the action – for
example, it benefits you, it is beneficial to society, it is just, and it fulfills a
commitment – then do it. If the opposite is true – the action does not benefit
you, it is not beneficial to society, it is unjust, and it breaks a commitment –
then don’t do it. Let’s look at examples of two different actions: first, getting
an education and second, abusing heroin.
Presumably, getting an education is beneficial to you because it fulfills you
in a number of ways. Moreover, it is presumed in this society that the more
people who are educated, the better the society will be. Thus, if you get an
education, not only will you benefit, but society will also benefit. If, in at-
taining the education, you need not violate any commitments and no one is
unfairly deprived because of your education – that is, you are not using up
someone else’s spot, or you are not attending college while your twin brother
is employed in a menial job to help finance your education – the action does
not violate fairness and commitments. It is a
prima facie
example of an action
that should be done. In fact, you would be hard pressed to justify not getting
an education under those circumstances. What valid reasons could you give?
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46What Is Ethics?Thus, if you make a commitment, you have a good reason for doing some-thing. But there is a caveat: Should you honor your commitment if doing socauses harm? Suppose you borrow a gun from your neighbor and promiseto return it when he asks. Should you return it, as promised, if he asks for itin order to shoot someone? Clearly, in this case, the harm that would resultfrom honoring your commitment outweighs your responsibility to keep thatpromise.VIII Using the ReasonsLet’s examine how to use these reasons to justify an action. If I am planningto produce some commodity that brings a profit to the company, earns acommission for me, benefits society, does not treat anyone unfairly, or doesnot violate a promise or commitment, there are nothing but good reasons todo it. Suppose, however, that I am contemplating falsely declaring profits ina financial statement developed for a merger. The merger does not benefitmy company, its executives, or the general society; my action is deceptive andhence unfair, and it violates the relationship of trust my corporation has withthe community. In this scenario, there are nothing but good reasons againstperforming the action. (This assumes that you believe your fraud will not bedetected and that you will benefit from it. If you know you’ ll get caught, thatgives you still another good reason not to do it.)Thus, we have a decision - making procedure. Ask yourself the questionsof common morality. If there are good reasons to perform the action – forexample, it benefits you, it is beneficial to society, it is just, and it fulfills acommitment – then do it. If the opposite is true – the action does not benefityou, it is not beneficial to society, it is unjust, and it breaks a commitment –then don’t do it. Let’s look at examples of two different actions: first, gettingan education and second, abusing heroin.Presumably, getting an education is beneficial to you because it fulfills youin a number of ways. Moreover, it is presumed in this society that the morepeople who are educated, the better the society will be. Thus, if you get aneducation, not only will you benefit, but society will also benefit. If, in at-taining the education, you need not violate any commitments and no one isunfairly deprived because of your education – that is, you are not using upsomeone else’s spot, or you are not attending college while your twin brotheris employed in a menial job to help finance your education – the action doesnot violate fairness and commitments. It is aprima facieexample of an actionthat should be done. In fact, you would be hard pressed to justify not gettingan education under those circumstances. What valid reasons could you give?
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46
Apakah Etika?
Jadi, jika Anda membuat komitmen, Anda memiliki alasan yang baik untuk melakukan kadang
hal. Tapi ada peringatan: Jika Anda menghargai komitmen Anda jika hal itu
menyebabkan kerugian? Misalkan Anda meminjam pistol dari tetangga Anda dan berjanji
untuk mengembalikannya ketika dia bertanya. Jika Anda mengembalikannya, seperti yang dijanjikan, jika ia meminta untuk itu
dalam rangka untuk menembak seseorang? Jelas, dalam kasus ini, kerugian yang akan dihasilkan
dari menghormati komitmen Anda melebihi tanggung jawab Anda untuk menjaga
janji.
VIII Menggunakan Alasan
Mari kita memeriksa bagaimana menggunakan alasan ini untuk membenarkan tindakan. Jika saya berencana
untuk menghasilkan beberapa komoditas yang membawa fi t pro kepada perusahaan, mendapatkan sebuah
komisi untuk saya, masyarakat manfaat ts, tidak memperlakukan orang secara tidak adil, atau tidak
tidak melanggar janji atau komitmen, ada apa-apa kecuali alasan yang baik untuk
melakukannya. Misalkan, bagaimanapun, bahwa saya merenungkan palsu menyatakan laba fi di
pernyataan keuangan yang dikembangkan untuk merger. Merger tidak fi tidak bene t
perusahaan saya, eksekutif, atau masyarakat umum; tindakan saya menipu dan
karenanya tidak adil, dan melanggar hubungan kepercayaan perusahaan saya memiliki dengan
masyarakat. Dalam skenario ini, ada apa-apa kecuali alasan yang baik terhadap
melakukan tindakan. (Ini mengasumsikan bahwa Anda percaya penipuan Anda tidak akan
terdeteksi dan bahwa Anda akan meraih keuntungan dari itu Jika Anda tahu Anda akan terjebak, itu.
Memberi Anda masih alasan lain untuk tidak melakukannya.)
Dengan demikian, kita memiliki keputusan - membuat prosedur. Tanyakan pada diri Anda pertanyaan-pertanyaan
moralitas umum. Jika ada alasan yang baik untuk melakukan tindakan - untuk
contoh, meraih keuntungan ts Anda, itu adalah manfaat resmi untuk masyarakat, itu hanya, dan ful fi LLS sebuah
komitmen - kemudian melakukannya. Jika sebaliknya adalah benar - tindakan tidak diuntungkan
Anda, itu bukan manfaat resmi untuk masyarakat, itu tidak adil, dan rusak komitmen -
maka jangan melakukannya. Mari kita lihat contoh dari dua tindakan yang berbeda: pertama,
mendapatkan. Pendidikan dan kedua, menyalahgunakan heroin
Agaknya, mendapatkan pendidikan adalah manfaat resmi untuk Anda karena ful fi lls Anda
dalam beberapa cara. Selain itu, dianggap dalam masyarakat ini bahwa semakin banyak
orang yang dididik, semakin baik masyarakat akan. Jadi, jika Anda mendapatkan
pendidikan, tidak hanya akan Anda diuntungkan, tetapi masyarakat juga akan diuntungkan. Jika, di di-
yang memuat pendidikan, Anda tidak perlu melanggar komitmen dan tidak ada yang
tidak adil dirampas karena pendidikan Anda - yaitu, Anda tidak menggunakan up
tempat orang lain, atau Anda tidak menghadiri kuliah sambil saudara kembar Anda
dipekerjakan dalam pekerjaan kasar untuk membantu membiayai pendidikan Anda - tindakan tidak
tidak melanggar keadilan dan komitmen. Ini adalah
prima facie
contoh tindakan
yang harus dilakukan. Bahkan, Anda akan sulit ditekan untuk membenarkan tidak mendapatkan
pendidikan dalam situasi. Apa alasan yang sah yang bisa Anda berikan?
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