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Institutional Characteristics of an Islamic Banking System
The explicit injunction against the payment of interest implies that banks in an Islamic economy are denied conventional sources of funds, such as interest-bearing deposits, and cannot undertake lending operations on the basis of predetermined rates of return. In the Islamic system savings are mobilized through direct participation of savers in entrepreneurial activities, including banking, and surplus funds are loaned out in various forms of (religiously) approved transactions. This section describes the methods that have evolved to enable banks to continue to serve as intermediaries between savers and investors, while at the same time remaining consistent with the guidelines of Islam.
We start by considering the liability side of the balance sheet of banks, and then turn to the asset side where we discuss in somewhat more detail the approved modes of lending and financing.
1. Sources or funds
Besides their own capital and equity, the main sources of funds for Islamic banks would be two forms of deposits - transaction deposits and investment deposits.
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