SummaryWorld War II divided Korea into a Communist, northern half and  terjemahan - SummaryWorld War II divided Korea into a Communist, northern half and  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

SummaryWorld War II divided Korea i

Summary

World War II divided Korea into a Communist, northern half and an American-occupied southern half, divided at the 38th parallel. The Korean War (1950-1953) began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim Il-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. General Douglas MacArthur, who had been overseeing the post-WWII occupation of Japan, commanded the US forces which now began to hold off the North Koreans at Pusan, at the southernmost tip of Korea. Although Korea was not strategically essential to the United States, the political environment at this stage of theCold War was such that policymakers did not want to appear "soft on Communism." Nominally, the US intervened as part of a "police action" run by a UN (United Nations) international peace- keeping force; in actuality, the UN was simply being manipulated by US and NATO anti-Communist interests.

With the US, UN, and South Korean (ROK) forces pinned against the sea at Pusan, MacArthur orchestrated a daring amphibious assault on Inchon, a port on the western coast of Korea. Having made this landing, MacArthur crushed the North Korean army in a pincer movement and recaptured Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Instead of being satisfied with his rapid reconquest of South Korea, MacArthur crossed the 38TH Parallel and pursued the North Korean army all the way to the northernmost provinces of North Korea. Afraid that the US was interested in taking North Korea as a base for operations against Manchuria, the People's Republic of China secretly sent an army across the Yalu River. This Chinese army attacked the US/UN/ROK forces. Only after the appointment of Lt. General Matthew Ridgway as commander of ground forces did American morale improve and the initiative begin to swing against the Chinese Communists.

Although President Truman hoped to end the war quickly and pressed MacArthur to be more tactful, the brilliant strategist went against presidential orders and continued spouting incendiary lines about his hopes to reunify Korea. After gaining the support of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), Truman relieved MacArthur of command. The move was extremely unpopular in America; MacArthur was perceived as a popular war hero. Only the support of the JCS saved Truman from impeachment after the firing.

Ridgway took MacArthur's command and held off the Communists with strong fortifications and entrenchments just north of the 38TH Parallel, sending occasional offensives against the Iron Triangle, the Communists staging area for attacks into South Korea. Peace negotiations dragged on at Kaesong, then moved and continued to drag at Panmunjom through 1951 and 1952. The US tried using strategic bombing to intimidate the Communists into negotiating a peace treaty, but they wouldn't budge, particularly on the issue of POW (Prisoner of War) repatriation. Neither side wanted to appear weak, and so the talks went on, occasionally breaking down for months. Only after Eisenhower, who was a war hero and was unafraid of Republican criticism (since he himself was a Republican), became President, could the US make substantial concessions to the Communists. In 1953 a peace treaty was signed at Panmunjom that ended the Korean War, returning Korea to a divided status essentially the same as before the war. Neither the war nor its outcome did much to lessen the era's Cold War tension.

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Summary

World War II divided Korea into a Communist, northern half and an American-occupied southern half, divided at the 38th parallel. The Korean War (1950-1953) began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim Il-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. General Douglas MacArthur, who had been overseeing the post-WWII occupation of Japan, commanded the US forces which now began to hold off the North Koreans at Pusan, at the southernmost tip of Korea. Although Korea was not strategically essential to the United States, the political environment at this stage of theCold War was such that policymakers did not want to appear "soft on Communism." Nominally, the US intervened as part of a "police action" run by a UN (United Nations) international peace- keeping force; in actuality, the UN was simply being manipulated by US and NATO anti-Communist interests.

With the US, UN, and South Korean (ROK) forces pinned against the sea at Pusan, MacArthur orchestrated a daring amphibious assault on Inchon, a port on the western coast of Korea. Having made this landing, MacArthur crushed the North Korean army in a pincer movement and recaptured Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Instead of being satisfied with his rapid reconquest of South Korea, MacArthur crossed the 38TH Parallel and pursued the North Korean army all the way to the northernmost provinces of North Korea. Afraid that the US was interested in taking North Korea as a base for operations against Manchuria, the People's Republic of China secretly sent an army across the Yalu River. This Chinese army attacked the US/UN/ROK forces. Only after the appointment of Lt. General Matthew Ridgway as commander of ground forces did American morale improve and the initiative begin to swing against the Chinese Communists.

Although President Truman hoped to end the war quickly and pressed MacArthur to be more tactful, the brilliant strategist went against presidential orders and continued spouting incendiary lines about his hopes to reunify Korea. After gaining the support of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), Truman relieved MacArthur of command. The move was extremely unpopular in America; MacArthur was perceived as a popular war hero. Only the support of the JCS saved Truman from impeachment after the firing.

Ridgway took MacArthur's command and held off the Communists with strong fortifications and entrenchments just north of the 38TH Parallel, sending occasional offensives against the Iron Triangle, the Communists staging area for attacks into South Korea. Peace negotiations dragged on at Kaesong, then moved and continued to drag at Panmunjom through 1951 and 1952. The US tried using strategic bombing to intimidate the Communists into negotiating a peace treaty, but they wouldn't budge, particularly on the issue of POW (Prisoner of War) repatriation. Neither side wanted to appear weak, and so the talks went on, occasionally breaking down for months. Only after Eisenhower, who was a war hero and was unafraid of Republican criticism (since he himself was a Republican), became President, could the US make substantial concessions to the Communists. In 1953 a peace treaty was signed at Panmunjom that ended the Korean War, returning Korea to a divided status essentially the same as before the war. Neither the war nor its outcome did much to lessen the era's Cold War tension.

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Ringkasan Perang Dunia II dibagi Korea menjadi komunis, bagian utara dan bagian selatan Amerika diduduki, dibagi di paralel ke-38. Perang Korea (1950-1953) dimulai ketika tentara komunis Korea Utara melintasi Paralel ke-38 dan menyerang non-komunis Korea Selatan. Tentara Korea Utara Kim Il-sung, dipersenjatai dengan tank Soviet, cepat menyerbu Korea Selatan, Amerika Serikat datang untuk membantu Korea Selatan. Jenderal Douglas MacArthur, yang telah mengawasi pasca-Perang Dunia II pendudukan Jepang, memerintahkan pasukan AS yang kini mulai menahan Korea Utara di Pusan, di ujung selatan Korea. Meskipun Korea tidak strategis penting untuk Amerika Serikat, lingkungan politik pada tahap ini Perang theCold adalah sedemikian rupa sehingga para pembuat kebijakan tidak ingin tampil "lunak terhadap komunisme." Secara nominal, Amerika Serikat campur tangan sebagai bagian dari "aksi polisi" dijalankan oleh PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) perdamaian internasional menjaga kekuatan; dalam kenyataannya, PBB hanya dimanipulasi oleh kepentingan AS dan anti-Komunis NATO. Dengan AS, PBB, dan Korea Selatan (Korsel) pasukan disematkan terhadap laut di Pusan, MacArthur mengatur sebuah serangan amfibi berani di Inchon, port pada pantai barat Korea. Setelah membuat pendaratan ini, MacArthur hancur tentara Korea Utara dalam gerakan menjepit dan merebut kembali Seoul, ibukota Korea Selatan. Alih-alih menjadi puas dengan penaklukan cepat nya Korea Selatan, MacArthur melintasi Paralel 38TH dan dikejar tentara Korea Utara sampai ke provinsi paling utara Korea Utara. Takut bahwa AS tertarik untuk mengambil Korea Utara sebagai dasar untuk operasi terhadap Manchuria, Republik Rakyat Cina secara diam-diam mengirim tentara menyeberangi Sungai Yalu. Tentara Cina ini menyerang pasukan AS / UN / ROK. Hanya setelah pengangkatan Letnan Jenderal Matthew Ridgway sebagai komandan pasukan darat itu semangat Amerika meningkatkan dan inisiatif mulai berayun melawan Komunis Cina. Meskipun Presiden Truman berharap untuk mengakhiri perang dengan cepat dan menekan MacArthur menjadi lebih bijaksana, ahli strategi brilian pergi melawan perintah presiden dan terus menyemburkan garis pembakar tentang harapannya untuk menyatukan kembali Korea. Setelah mendapatkan dukungan dari Gabungan Kepala Staf (JCS), Truman lega MacArthur komando. Langkah ini sangat tidak populer di Amerika; MacArthur dianggap sebagai pahlawan perang yang populer. Hanya dukungan dari JCS menyelamatkan Truman dari impeachment setelah penembakan. Ridgway mengambil komando MacArthur dan menahan Komunis dengan benteng yang kuat dan entrenchments utara dari Paralel 38TH, mengirim serangan sesekali melawan Besi Segitiga, Komunis pementasan daerah untuk serangan ke Korea Selatan. Perundingan perdamaian berlarut-larut di Kaesong, kemudian pindah dan terus menyeret di Panmunjom melalui tahun 1951 dan 1952. AS mencoba menggunakan pengeboman strategis untuk mengintimidasi kaum Komunis dalam negosiasi perjanjian damai, tetapi mereka tidak bergerak, terutama pada masalah POW ( Tawanan Perang) repatriasi. Tidak ada pihak yang ingin tampak lemah, sehingga pembicaraan berlangsung, kadang-kadang mogok selama berbulan-bulan. Hanya setelah Eisenhower, yang adalah seorang pahlawan perang dan tidak takut kritik Republik (karena ia sendiri adalah seorang Republikan), menjadi Presiden, bisa AS membuat konsesi besar untuk Komunis. Pada tahun 1953 sebuah perjanjian damai ditandatangani di Panmunjom yang mengakhiri Perang Korea, Korea kembali ke status dibagi dasarnya sama dengan sebelum perang. Baik perang atau hasilnya berbuat banyak untuk mengurangi ketegangan Perang Dingin era itu.









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