were observed for amorphous BaFe12 O19 nanoparticles, which were prepa terjemahan - were observed for amorphous BaFe12 O19 nanoparticles, which were prepa Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

were observed for amorphous BaFe12


were observed for amorphous BaFe12 O19 nanoparticles, which were prepared by a sonochemical decomposition technique. The barium hexaferrite was formed as a colloidal solution without the use of a surfactant. Rings of smaller dimensions trapped inside the larger ones (see Fig. 4) were another unique observation. The intersec- tion of two rings is amazing (Fig. 3), as this is in direct contradiction to the proposed mechanism for the ring formation, based on the dry hole formation on an

evaporating thin film completely wetted to the substrate. The creation of this unique feature is attributed to the interplay of magnetic forces with the regular particle- substrate interactions. The diameter of the rings varied in the range of 0.5–1.5 lm, and the annular width is about 25 nm.
A unique 3-D structure, inorganic fullerenes, were obtained in the sonohydrolysis of TlCl3 [62]. The soni- cation of an aqueous solution of TlCl3 under a flow of























Fig. 3. TEM micrograph showing rings of various sizes. The rings seem to intersect each other forming the so-called Olympic Rings. The scale bar is 0.7 lm.

Fig. 4. TEM micrograph showing rings at various stages of growth. Rings of smaller dimensions are seen trapped inside the larger one. The annular width of the ring is about 10 nm. The scale bar is 1 lm.

argon has led to a precipitate, which is composed of two products. The major product is Tl2 OCl2 , while Tl2 O is obtained in small quantities. The latter has the structure of a multi-shell closed compound. The identification of the inorganic fullerenes in the TEM picture (see Figs. 1 and 2 in Ref. [62]) as the thallium(I) oxide is based on SAED measurements.
The formation of the closed curved structures is ex- plained as follows: in the first stage, Tl2 O is formed via the sonochemical reduction of Tlþ3 . It is known that the sonohydrolysis of aqueous solutions of metal ions is caused by high local temperatures in or near the cavi- tation bubbles. If the original Tl2 O particle is planar (two-dimensional), curvature and closure of the fuller- ene-like structures may occur around the collapsing bubble. The temperature gradient from the bubble sur- face into the solution should cause a temperature gra- dient across the particle that causes the curvature. This is helped by the energetics, which favor sheet closure due to the bond energy released by eliminating reactive edges in the planar structures.
Various sonochemical methods have been designed
for the preparation of hollow spheres. Zheng [63] re-
ported on the formation of vesicle-templated CdSe
hollow spheres in an ultrasound-induced anionic sur-
factant solution. He demonstrated that hollow spheres
of CdSe with sizes of 100–200 nm can be templated from
anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) vesicles
induced by ultrasonic irradiation. The successful vesicle
templating indicated that the outer leaflet of the bilayer
is the receptive surface in the controlled growth of CdSe
nanoparticles, which provide the unique reactor for the
nucleation and mineralization growth of CdSe nano-
particles. In the ultrasound irradiation process, it was
found that the concentration of surfactant in the system
plays an important role in the formation of the CdSe
hollow sphere. When the concentration was lower than
0.15 mol/l, the obtained CdSe were nanoparticles with
dense agglomeration. The surfactant molecules are re-
moved by extraction, using repeated water and ethanol
washings. CdSe hollow spherical assemblies composed
of 5 nm nanoparticles have been synthesized sono-
chemically [64]. The preparation method did not include
a surfactant. During the process, amorphous Cd(OH)2 , which acts as the in situ template, directs the growth of
primary CdSe nanoparticles on its surface and their assembly into hollow spherical structures. Hollow ZnS spheres were prepared by Yin [65] using sonochemical methods. Core-shell ZnS/PolyStyrene(PS) microspheres were obtained through the sonochemical treatment of the PS in an ethanol solution containing zinc acetate and thioacetamide. The composite particles were ‘‘optically hollow’’ due to the large refractive index contrast be- tween the core and shell materials. Hollow ZnS spheres were formed by annealing the core-shell spheres in a muffle oven under a stream of 3:1 nitrogen and hydro-

gen gas at 600 C. In fact, Ref. [64] followed in the footsteps a previous work by Breen et al. [66], with just some minor changes.

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diamati untuk amorf partikel nano BaFe12 O19, yang telah dipersiapkan oleh sonochemical dekomposisi teknik. Barium hexaferrite dibentuk sebagai larutan koloid tanpa menggunakan surfaktan. Cincin dimensi yang lebih kecil yang terperangkap di dalam lebih besar (Lihat gambar 4) itu lain unik pengamatan. Intersec-tion dua cincin menakjubkan (Fig. 3), karena hal ini langsung bertentangan dengan mekanisme yang diusulkan untuk pembentukan cincin, berdasarkan pada pembentukan lubang dry evaporasi tipis film sepenuhnya dibasahi untuk substrat. Penciptaan fitur unik ini dikaitkan dengan interaksi magnetic pasukan dengan interaksi partikel-substrat biasa. Diameter cincin bervariasi dalam kisaran 0,5-1,5 lm, dan lebar annulus adalah sekitar 25 nm.Struktur 3-D yang unik, anorganik fullerenes, yang diperoleh di sonohydrolysis TlCl3 [62]. Soni-kation suatu larutan TlCl3 di bawah flow dari Fig. 3. TEM mikrograf menampilkan cincin berbagai ukuran. Cincin tampaknya berpotongan satu sama lain membentuk cincin Olimpiade disebut. Bar skala adalah 0.7 lm. Gambar 4. TEM mikrograf menampilkan cincin di berbagai tahap pertumbuhan. Cincin dimensi yang kecil terlihat terjebak di dalam yang lebih besar. Lebar annulus cincin adalah sekitar 10 nm. Bar skala adalah 1 lm. Argon telah menyebabkan percepatan, yang terdiri dari dua produk. Produk utama adalah Tl2 OCl2, sedangkan Tl2 O diperoleh dalam jumlah kecil. Yang terakhir ini memiliki struktur senyawa tertutup multi shell. Identification fullerenes anorganik dalam gambar TEM (Lihat rajah-rajah 1 dan 2 di Ref. [62]) sebagai oksida thallium(I) didasarkan pada pengukuran Dariehsand.Pembentukan struktur melengkung tertutup adalah ex-plained sebagai berikut: pada tahap posisi, Tl2 O dibentuk melalui pengurangan sonochemical Tlþ3. Hal ini diketahui bahwa sonohydrolysis larutan ion logam disebabkan oleh suhu tinggi lokal di atau di dekat gelembung cavi-tation. Jika asli Tl2 O partikel planar kelengkungan (dua dimensi), dan penutupan struktur fuller-ene-seperti yang terjadi di sekitar gelembung runtuh. Gradien suhu dari gelembung sur-muka ke dalam larutan seharusnya menyebabkan suhu gra-dient di partikel yang menyebabkan kelengkungan. Ini dibantu oleh energetika, yang mendukung lembar penutupan karena energi obligasi yang dirilis oleh menghilangkan reaktif tepi dalam struktur planar.Berbagai metode sonochemical telah dirancanguntuk persiapan bola berongga. Zheng [63] re-porting pada pembentukan vesikula-kerangka CdSebola berongga USG-induced anionik sur-solusi factant. Ia menunjukkan bola berongga yangCdSe dengan ukuran 100-200 Nm dapat kerangka darisurfaktan anionik natrium lauryl sulfat (SDS) vesikuladisebabkan oleh iradiasi ultrasonik. Vesikula suksestemplate mengindikasikan bahwa luar leaflet dari bilayeradalah permukaan reseptif dalam pertumbuhan terkendali CdSepartikel nano, yang memberikan reaktor unik untukpembentukan inti dan mineralisasi pertumbuhan CdSe nano-partikel-partikel. Dalam proses iradiasi USG, itumenemukan bahwa konsentrasi surfaktan dalam sistemmemainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan CdSeHollow sphere. Ketika konsentrasi adalah lebih rendah daripada0.15 mol/l, CdSe diperoleh adalah partikel nano denganaglomerasi padat. Molekul surfaktan yang re-digerakkan oleh ekstraksi, menggunakan air berulang-ulang dan etanolpembasuhan. CdSe hollow bulat Majelis terdiridari 5 partikel nano nm telah disintesis sono-kimiawi [64]. Metode persiapan tidak termasuksurfaktan. Selama proses, amorf Cd (OH) 2, yang bertindak sebagai template di situ, mengarahkan pertumbuhanutama CdSe partikel nano pada permukaan dan perakitan mereka ke dalam struktur berbentuk bola berongga. Hollow ZnS bola telah dipersiapkan oleh Yin [65] menggunakan metode sonochemical. Inti-shell ZnS/PolyStyrene(PS) mikrosfer diperoleh melalui pengobatan sonochemical PS di etanol larutan yang mengandung seng asetat dan thioacetamide. Partikel komposit adalah '' optikal berongga '' karena besar indeks bias kontras menjadi-tween inti dan bahan shell. Hollow bola ZnS dibentuk oleh pelunakan bola core-shell dalam oven muffle di bawah aliran 3:1 nitrogen dan hidro- gen gas di 600 C. Pada kenyataannya, Ref. [64] mengikuti jejak pekerjaan sebelumnya oleh Breen et al. [66], dengan hanya beberapa perubahan kecil.
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were observed for amorphous BaFe12 O19 nanoparticles, which were prepared by a sonochemical decomposition technique. The barium hexaferrite was formed as a colloidal solution without the use of a surfactant. Rings of smaller dimensions trapped inside the larger ones (see Fig. 4) were another unique observation. The intersec- tion of two rings is amazing (Fig. 3), as this is in direct contradiction to the proposed mechanism for the ring formation, based on the dry hole formation on an

evaporating thin film completely wetted to the substrate. The creation of this unique feature is attributed to the interplay of magnetic forces with the regular particle- substrate interactions. The diameter of the rings varied in the range of 0.5–1.5 lm, and the annular width is about 25 nm.
A unique 3-D structure, inorganic fullerenes, were obtained in the sonohydrolysis of TlCl3 [62]. The soni- cation of an aqueous solution of TlCl3 under a flow of























Fig. 3. TEM micrograph showing rings of various sizes. The rings seem to intersect each other forming the so-called Olympic Rings. The scale bar is 0.7 lm.

Fig. 4. TEM micrograph showing rings at various stages of growth. Rings of smaller dimensions are seen trapped inside the larger one. The annular width of the ring is about 10 nm. The scale bar is 1 lm.

argon has led to a precipitate, which is composed of two products. The major product is Tl2 OCl2 , while Tl2 O is obtained in small quantities. The latter has the structure of a multi-shell closed compound. The identification of the inorganic fullerenes in the TEM picture (see Figs. 1 and 2 in Ref. [62]) as the thallium(I) oxide is based on SAED measurements.
The formation of the closed curved structures is ex- plained as follows: in the first stage, Tl2 O is formed via the sonochemical reduction of Tlþ3 . It is known that the sonohydrolysis of aqueous solutions of metal ions is caused by high local temperatures in or near the cavi- tation bubbles. If the original Tl2 O particle is planar (two-dimensional), curvature and closure of the fuller- ene-like structures may occur around the collapsing bubble. The temperature gradient from the bubble sur- face into the solution should cause a temperature gra- dient across the particle that causes the curvature. This is helped by the energetics, which favor sheet closure due to the bond energy released by eliminating reactive edges in the planar structures.
Various sonochemical methods have been designed
for the preparation of hollow spheres. Zheng [63] re-
ported on the formation of vesicle-templated CdSe
hollow spheres in an ultrasound-induced anionic sur-
factant solution. He demonstrated that hollow spheres
of CdSe with sizes of 100–200 nm can be templated from
anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) vesicles
induced by ultrasonic irradiation. The successful vesicle
templating indicated that the outer leaflet of the bilayer
is the receptive surface in the controlled growth of CdSe
nanoparticles, which provide the unique reactor for the
nucleation and mineralization growth of CdSe nano-
particles. In the ultrasound irradiation process, it was
found that the concentration of surfactant in the system
plays an important role in the formation of the CdSe
hollow sphere. When the concentration was lower than
0.15 mol/l, the obtained CdSe were nanoparticles with
dense agglomeration. The surfactant molecules are re-
moved by extraction, using repeated water and ethanol
washings. CdSe hollow spherical assemblies composed
of 5 nm nanoparticles have been synthesized sono-
chemically [64]. The preparation method did not include
a surfactant. During the process, amorphous Cd(OH)2 , which acts as the in situ template, directs the growth of
primary CdSe nanoparticles on its surface and their assembly into hollow spherical structures. Hollow ZnS spheres were prepared by Yin [65] using sonochemical methods. Core-shell ZnS/PolyStyrene(PS) microspheres were obtained through the sonochemical treatment of the PS in an ethanol solution containing zinc acetate and thioacetamide. The composite particles were ‘‘optically hollow’’ due to the large refractive index contrast be- tween the core and shell materials. Hollow ZnS spheres were formed by annealing the core-shell spheres in a muffle oven under a stream of 3:1 nitrogen and hydro-

gen gas at 600 C. In fact, Ref. [64] followed in the footsteps a previous work by Breen et al. [66], with just some minor changes.

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