The roots of today's attack on the discipline are exogenous
in a way that the earlier ones were not, even though
there may have been external dimensions to those debates
as well. The origins of much of the current rebellion lie in
the events of the late 1960s and the reaction of many
Americans, young and older, to the Vietnam War and the
international student movement of that period, including
Berkeley, 1965 (Rorabaugh 1989), and Paris, May 1968
(Brown 1974). These movements were originally associated
with wide-ranging political and intellectual criticisms
of U.S. and Western colonialism and capitalism,
with Marxist thought playing a crucial role (e.g., Asad
1973; Hymes 1969), but they were soon extended more broadly to an attack on "the West," the Enlightenment,
science, humanism, modernism, culture, and lots more.
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