of these women (66%) had no previou

of these women (66%) had no previous
experience in business- either
as employees or as owners. This
may account for many of the other
start-up problems faced by these
women.
When asked what their most serious
current problems were, the
most common answer was again,
"cash flow", followed by marketing
and employee management. This,
again, is not very different from
findings from other countries. This
is also reflected in the areas in
which the training, most (43%)
wanted marketing-related training.
Work-family conflicts:
The women entrepreneurs in this
study did not feel that having their
own business affected their roles as
spouse, parent or homemaker very
much. As can be seen from Table 3,
these women experienced very low
levels of work-family conflict in
their spousal or parental roles. For
example, the mean score for the five
variables measuring their relationships
with their partners was 2.3 (a
lower score indicates lower conflict
level); the corresponding figure for
the parental role was again below
the mid-point (2.54). Of the roles
examined (i.e., spouse, parent and
homemaker), the highest level of
conflict was found in the homemaker
role (3.1 out of a 5 point scale). It
should be noted that all these women
had someone to help them with their
household chores- either a part time
or a full time maid. Even with such
help, many of them felt that they had
no time or energy to handle their
household chores.
What could account for the lower
level of role conflict in this sample?
Part of the reason may be the high
amount of spousal support that these
women had. Most of them (over
74%) said that their spouse was either
happy or very happy with the level of
commitment that they had to their
business and over 70% said that their
spouse offered them emotional support.
Thus, even though their partners
did not offer much help with the
household chores or with childrearing,
the women were overall happy
with the level of support that they
received from their marital partners.
This is also reflected in the fact that
five of the women rated spousal support
as a key reason for their success.
Even among the others, many had
stated that a woman cannot hope to
succeed without support from her

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

of these women (66%) had no previousexperience in business- eitheras employees or as owners. Thismay account for many of the otherstart-up problems faced by thesewomen.When asked what their most seriouscurrent problems were, themost common answer was again,"cash flow", followed by marketingand employee management. This,again, is not very different fromfindings from other countries. Thisis also reflected in the areas inwhich the training, most (43%)wanted marketing-related training.Work-family conflicts:The women entrepreneurs in thisstudy did not feel that having theirown business affected their roles asspouse, parent or homemaker verymuch. As can be seen from Table 3,these women experienced very lowlevels of work-family conflict intheir spousal or parental roles. Forexample, the mean score for the fivevariables measuring their relationshipswith their partners was 2.3 (alower score indicates lower conflictlevel); the corresponding figure forthe parental role was again belowthe mid-point (2.54). Of the rolesexamined (i.e., spouse, parent andhomemaker), the highest level ofconflict was found in the homemakerrole (3.1 out of a 5 point scale). Itshould be noted that all these womenhad someone to help them with theirhousehold chores- either a part timeor a full time maid. Even with suchhelp, many of them felt that they hadno time or energy to handle theirhousehold chores.What could account for the lowertingkat peran konflik dalam contoh ini?Sebagian alasan mungkin tinggijumlah spousal dukungan bahwa iniwanita memiliki. Kebanyakan dari mereka (lebih dari74%) mengatakan bahwa pasangan mereka baikbahagia atau sangat senang dengan tingkatkomitmen yang mereka harus merekabisnis dan lebih dari 70% mengatakan bahwa merekaPasangan menawarkan mereka dukungan emosional.Dengan demikian, meskipun mereka mitratidak menawarkan banyak membantu denganpekerjaan rumah tangga atau dengan pengasuhan anak,perempuan secara keseluruhan gembiradengan tingkat dukungan yang merekamenerima dari mitra perkawinan mereka.Hal ini juga tercermin dalam kenyataan bahwalima perempuan dinilai dukungan spousalsebagai alasan utama untuk keberhasilan mereka.Bahkan di antara yang lain, banyak telahmenyatakan bahwa seorang wanita tidak bisa berharap untukberhasil tanpa dukungan dari dia.