Conifer pollen has a thick multi-layered sporodermor pollen wall. The  terjemahan - Conifer pollen has a thick multi-layered sporodermor pollen wall. The  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Conifer pollen has a thick multi-la

Conifer pollen has a thick multi-layered sporoderm
or pollen wall. The outer wall is known as the exine
(Fig. 5) and although complex in structure and chemical
composition, it appears similar to that of angiosperms
(Johri 1984). The exine consists of several layers. The
outer exine layer (sexine) consists of a thick ektexine
with a sculptured outer tectum supported by rod-like
structures (infractectal units) that may fuse, forming
ridges and valleys joining to a foot layer below, that in
turn joins a thin, laminated inner endexine. In saccate
pollen, large spaces form below the infractectal units
separating the tectum from the foot layer. The exine is
highly resistant to desiccation and decay because of
sporopollenin (Kurmann 1989). In some non-saccate
conifer pollen, the exine is shed when the pollen is hydrated whereas in other conifers, the pollen tube penetrates through a thin area of the exine, usually between
the sacci (Fig. 5). The intine is a thin (Fig. 5), two-layered wall that forms the pollen tube.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Conifer pollen has a thick multi-layered sporodermor pollen wall. The outer wall is known as the exine(Fig. 5) and although complex in structure and chemicalcomposition, it appears similar to that of angiosperms(Johri 1984). The exine consists of several layers. Theouter exine layer (sexine) consists of a thick ektexinewith a sculptured outer tectum supported by rod-likestructures (infractectal units) that may fuse, formingridges and valleys joining to a foot layer below, that inturn joins a thin, laminated inner endexine. In saccatepollen, large spaces form below the infractectal unitsseparating the tectum from the foot layer. The exine ishighly resistant to desiccation and decay because ofsporopollenin (Kurmann 1989). In some non-saccateconifer pollen, the exine is shed when the pollen is hydrated whereas in other conifers, the pollen tube penetrates through a thin area of the exine, usually betweenthe sacci (Fig. 5). The intine is a thin (Fig. 5), two-layered wall that forms the pollen tube.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Konifer serbuk sari memiliki sporoderm berlapis-lapis tebal
atau serbuk sari dinding. Dinding luar dikenal sebagai exine
(Gbr. 5) dan meskipun kompleks dalam struktur dan kimia
komposisi, tampak mirip dengan angiosperma
(Johri 1984). Exine terdiri dari beberapa lapisan. The
lapisan exine luar (sexine) terdiri dari ektexine tebal
dengan tectum luar pahatan didukung oleh batang-seperti
struktur (unit infractectal) yang mungkin menyatu, membentuk
pegunungan dan lembah bergabung ke lapisan kaki bawah, bahwa dalam
gilirannya bergabung tipis, dilaminasi endexine batin. Dalam saccate
serbuk sari, membentuk ruang besar di bawah unit infractectal
memisahkan tectum dari lapisan kaki. Exine adalah
sangat tahan terhadap pengeringan dan pembusukan karena
sporopollenin (Kurmann 1989). Dalam beberapa non-saccate
konifer serbuk sari, exine yang ditumpahkan ketika serbuk sari yang terhidrasi sedangkan di runjung lain, tabung polen menembus melalui daerah tipis exine, biasanya antara
para SACCI (Gbr. 5). Intine adalah tipis (Gbr. 5), dua lapis dinding yang membentuk tabung polen.
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