Culture is systematic and organizedCulture is not random, it is an org terjemahan - Culture is systematic and organizedCulture is not random, it is an org Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Culture is systematic and organized

Culture is systematic and organized
Culture is not random, it is an organized system of values, attitudes, beliefs and meanings that are related to each other and to the context. For example, the practice of polygamy, which is frowned on in most cultures, makes good historical sense in some African cultures where it is still practiced. Acceptance of polygamy depends on such factors as family status, economic security, and religious commitment, all of which are based on having more children, and particularly more sons, per family. Because of mental programming imposed by our own culture, the cultures of other people often seem strange and illogical. Deeper scrutiny can reveal that each culture has its own, often exquisite, logic and coherence.

Culture is largely invisible
What we see of culture is expressed in living artifacts, which include communicated messages; but they also include human activities such as language, customs, and dress, as well as physical artifacts such as architecture, art, and decoration. Because much of culture is hidden, these obvious and visible elements of culture may be compared to the tip of an iceberg. Icebergs have as much as 90 percent of their mass below the water, leaving only a small percentage visible. The important part of the iceberg that is culture is not the obvious physical symbols that are above the surface but the deep underlying values and assumptions that they express. So understanding cultures involves a lot more than just understanding immediate surface behaviour such as bows, handshakes, invitations, ceremonies, and body language. The invisible elements of culture, the underlying values, social structures, and ways of thinking are the most important.

Culture may be “tight” or “loose”
Cultures differ from each other not just in their details but also in their pervasiveness. Some societies are characterized by virtually 100 percent agreement as to the form of correct behaviour; other societies may have greater diversity and tolerance of difference. “Tight” cultures have uniformity and agreement and are often based on homogeneous populations or the dominance of particular religious beliefs. Japan is a good example. Countries such as Canada with diverse populations have relatively “loose” cultures, which in some cases are made even looser by the encouragement of freedom of thought and action.
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Culture is systematic and organizedCulture is not random, it is an organized system of values, attitudes, beliefs and meanings that are related to each other and to the context. For example, the practice of polygamy, which is frowned on in most cultures, makes good historical sense in some African cultures where it is still practiced. Acceptance of polygamy depends on such factors as family status, economic security, and religious commitment, all of which are based on having more children, and particularly more sons, per family. Because of mental programming imposed by our own culture, the cultures of other people often seem strange and illogical. Deeper scrutiny can reveal that each culture has its own, often exquisite, logic and coherence.Culture is largely invisibleWhat we see of culture is expressed in living artifacts, which include communicated messages; but they also include human activities such as language, customs, and dress, as well as physical artifacts such as architecture, art, and decoration. Because much of culture is hidden, these obvious and visible elements of culture may be compared to the tip of an iceberg. Icebergs have as much as 90 percent of their mass below the water, leaving only a small percentage visible. The important part of the iceberg that is culture is not the obvious physical symbols that are above the surface but the deep underlying values and assumptions that they express. So understanding cultures involves a lot more than just understanding immediate surface behaviour such as bows, handshakes, invitations, ceremonies, and body language. The invisible elements of culture, the underlying values, social structures, and ways of thinking are the most important.Culture may be “tight” or “loose” Cultures differ from each other not just in their details but also in their pervasiveness. Some societies are characterized by virtually 100 percent agreement as to the form of correct behaviour; other societies may have greater diversity and tolerance of difference. “Tight” cultures have uniformity and agreement and are often based on homogeneous populations or the dominance of particular religious beliefs. Japan is a good example. Countries such as Canada with diverse populations have relatively “loose” cultures, which in some cases are made even looser by the encouragement of freedom of thought and action.
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Budaya adalah sistematis dan terorganisir
budaya tidak acak, itu adalah sistem yang terorganisir dari nilai-nilai, sikap, keyakinan dan makna yang berhubungan satu sama lain dan dengan konteks. Misalnya, praktik poligami, yang disukai di dalam kebanyakan budaya, masuk akal sejarah yang baik di beberapa budaya Afrika di mana ia masih dipraktekkan. Penerimaan poligami tergantung pada faktor-faktor seperti status keluarga, keamanan ekonomi, dan komitmen agama, yang semuanya didasarkan pada memiliki lebih banyak anak, dan terutama lebih anak, per keluarga. Karena pemrograman mental yang dikenakan oleh budaya kita sendiri, budaya orang lain sering tampak aneh dan tidak logis. Pengawasan yang lebih dalam dapat mengungkapkan bahwa setiap budaya memiliki sendiri, sering indah, logika dan koherensi. Budaya sebagian besar tak terlihat Apa yang kita lihat budaya dinyatakan dalam artefak yang hidup, yang meliputi pesan yang dikomunikasikan; tetapi juga mencakup aktivitas manusia seperti bahasa, adat istiadat, dan pakaian, serta artefak fisik seperti arsitektur, seni, dan dekorasi. Karena banyak budaya tersembunyi, unsur-unsur yang jelas dan terlihat dari budaya dapat dibandingkan dengan puncak gunung es. Gunung es memiliki sebanyak 90 persen dari massa mereka di bawah air, meninggalkan hanya sebagian kecil yang terlihat. Bagian penting dari gunung es yang adalah budaya bukan simbol fisik yang jelas yang berada di atas permukaan tetapi nilai-nilai yang mendasari dalam dan asumsi yang mereka mengungkapkan. Jadi pemahaman budaya melibatkan banyak lebih dari sekedar memahami perilaku permukaan langsung seperti busur, jabat tangan, undangan, upacara, dan bahasa tubuh. Unsur-unsur yang tak terlihat dari budaya, nilai-nilai yang mendasari, struktur sosial, dan cara berpikir yang paling penting. Budaya mungkin "ketat" atau "longgar" Budaya berbeda satu sama lain bukan hanya dalam rincian mereka tetapi juga dalam besarnya kegunaan mereka. Beberapa masyarakat dicirikan oleh hampir 100 persen kesepakatan mengenai bentuk perilaku yang benar; masyarakat lain mungkin memiliki keragaman yang lebih besar dan toleransi perbedaan. "Ketat" budaya memiliki keseragaman dan kesepakatan dan seringkali didasarkan pada populasi homogen atau dominasi agama tertentu. Jepang adalah contoh yang baik. Negara-negara seperti Kanada dengan populasi yang beragam memiliki relatif "longgar" budaya, yang dalam beberapa kasus yang dibuat bahkan lebih longgar oleh dorongan dari kebebasan berpikir dan bertindak.






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