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DiscussionResearch findingsThe results provide strong support for [62] Webster's (2000) assertion that manufacturers' brands play an important role with retailers. Our research confirmed the multidimensional benefits of branding for retailers and the impact of these benefits on retailer relationship brand outcomes. These manufacturer brand benefits consisted of four dimensions: the financial benefits for retailers, customer expectations of the brand, manufacturer support and brand equity. The financial benefits of the brand had the strongest effect on retailer relationship outcomes. The findings also indicated that retailers anticipate their customers' expectations that certain brands will be part of that retailer's range. The construct of customer expectations revealed in the qualitative interviews has not been that evident in previous research, except for [50] Nilsson (1977). In contrast to previous research, manufacturer support not only includes providing promotional support for the retailer, but also developing the category. Marketing support has a weaker effect on brand satisfaction but the findings are consistent with [11] Biong's (1993) research which showed a marginal impact on supplier support. Brand equity has an effect on retailer commitment to the brand, but a much weaker influence on retailer satisfaction with the brand.These manufacturer brand benefits affect retailer satisfaction, performance, trust and commitment. Brand satisfaction, performance, trust and commitment were measured with established scales previously used for supplier evaluation. However the research showed that other supplier scales such as dependence and co-operation were not relevant to retailers when assessing manufacturer brands. The findings also show that retailers conceptualised trust in terms of organisational trust rather than trust of a brand per se .This research identifies the relative importance of each brand benefit on retailer evaluations of the brand, unlike [11] Biong (1993) who considered the effects of the manufacturer's marketing mix on retailer satisfaction and (loyalty) commitment. These effects were only addressed using separate multiple regressions ([11] Biong, 1993). In contrast this study uses structural equation models to simultaneously measure these manufacturer's brand benefit effects on satisfaction, trust, commitment and performance.While the structural model in Figure 2 [Figure omitted. See Article Image.] confirms six of the ten hypotheses, the first alternative model in Figure 3 [Figure omitted. See Article Image.] provides a better fit to data. This alternative model provides additional insight into the different ways that manufacturer brand benefits influence retailer brand satisfaction, performance, commitment and trust. Most important is the financial benefit of manufacturer brands, which primarily impacts on the retailer's assessment of brand performance. Next is the retailer's expectation of customer demand which strongly affects satisfaction and commitment to the brand. Manufacturer brand support is the third ranked antecedent of retailer satisfaction with the brand. The fourth benefit, the retailer's assessment of brand equity, influences the retailer's commitment to the brand not retailer satisfaction in the alternative model. Comparing the initial structural and the alternative models shows a similar pattern as financial and customer expectation benefits have more influence on retailer satisfaction while manufacturer support and brand equity have less influence.
The results also show that retailer satisfaction with a brand partially mediates the pathways between the manufacturer brand benefits and trust, commitment and performance. Previous research, where satisfaction with the relationship led to enhanced perceptions of performance, also supports these findings ([44] Kumar et al. , 1992). [30] Geyskens et al. (1999) show that channel satisfaction is an antecedent to commitment and trust, a finding also confirmed by this research.
In our study brand trust was expressed as a belief that manufacturers will understand should problems arise with the brand. This research contrasts with [60] Verbeke et al. (2006) who find that trust does not interact with brand strength when measured as trust in the manufacturer. Testing of a second alternative model showed that retailer's trust of a brand depends on a retailer's satisfaction with the brand rather than commitment to the brand. While retailers anticipate that manufacturers will always support their brand, this finding may also reflect the retailer's greater power in the channel and the established nature of retailer-manufacturer relationships.
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