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From the view of the trainees as language users, language analysts and language teachers, Julian Edge offers three major course components for TEFL training programme, such as language improvement, applied linguistics and methodology. In this proposal, Julian Edge uses the terms applied linguistics to refer to two types of languages study. First, it concerns with the study that aims to improve the trainees’ own command and use of English, for example, explicit grammar study in support of weaknesses diagnosed in written work. This study is usually given to advanced learners. But in the case of TEFL trainees, the experience of language learning and language improvement must proceed in parallel with a growing conscious awareness of how the language is structured and organized. Julian Edge believes that the explicit study on language awareness will directly support the learning style of some trainees. This awareness-raising aspect of language study and the discussion of it will provide the experiential base for the learning of descriptive terminology which trainees will need in their more advances studies and professional lives. Julian Edge stresses that this study will give the trainees practice in the skills of grammar reference, interpretation and application. The second type of applied linguistics that Julian Edge uses, is the explicit study of language and language learning which is necessary to support the making decision as a language teacher. In this case, the trainees need to be able to recognize, for purposes of presenting new language items in dialogue, when the same language structure is being used to realize different speech functions, they need to understand lexical relationship in text in order to decide which words in a reading passage to preteach, they need some information about error analysis in order to decide which mistakes to correct. According to Julian Edge, the purpose of such study is not only to show particular links between some areas of language description and some decisions that have to be made in teaching, but also to establish in principle the way in which teaching decisions are made, and to demonstrate how helpful data drawn from linguists’ description can be. In this case, Julian Edge stresses that it does not mean that every problem raised in the morning must have a quick, practical answer by the afternoon. But it shows that professional issues are consistently referred to a theoretical base for consideration of evidence. By this way, the trainees are introduced to the process of reference out to theory that can be covered in any course is limited, and application can be made only to a limited number of problems. From the description above, we can conclude that the terms applied linguistics is to be understood as an explicit study of language and language learning which facilitates language learning for the user and pedagogical decisions for the teacher. While the function of applied linguistics component is to support the other two components, language improvement and methodology.The content and methodology of applied linguistics component is defined by reference to the other two. It must be noted that the aim of giving the component is not attempting to teach vast area of linguistic knowledge, but rather awareness of when linguistic knowledge is needed, and the ability to locate, interpret and apply the knowledge. In the context of teacher education for nonnative speakers, linguistics component should be regarded less as content area than as a skill area. It is expected that trainees’ awareness and knowledge of the content of linguistics develop as they become more skilled in location, interpretation and application of that is available. According to Julian Edge (1988: 13) that the aim of including applied linguistics component as independent discipline in teacher education programme for language teachers is to be matter of raising awareness of the language, by variety of procedures towards the purposes of language learning and language teaching. The next proposal coming from J.W. Morrison (1980: 10-15), which includes linguistics component in language teacher education programme. Morrison includes the component in the programme base on the consideration that an ideal language teacher should have competence at least in language skills and professional skills. According to Morrison, in the case of language skills, a language teachers of English is expected to be a good model of English is expected to be a good model of English, be thoroughly conversant with modern usage, and be aware, through his own experience of the English language areas of potential difficulty, such as phonological, lexical and grammatical problems. While in the case of professional skills, a language teacher of English is expected to understand the principles behind the preparation of language-teaching syllabus, be familiar with various methods and technigues of classroom presentation and their rationale, with the ability to modify and supplement material according to the needs of the class teaching and language learning theories, and properly critical of claims made by their advocates (Morrison, 1980: 13) Further, Morrison (1980: 15) stresses that the aim of including the linguistics components in teacher education programme for language teachers is to make the trainees aware of the knowledge. In this context, Donard Britten (1985: 118) says that awareness of the organization and funcioning of English may or may not have been part of the trainee teacher’s previous learning. And even for non speakers who have already studied the language system, some reconversion and updating of awareness (from structural to functional, from prescriptive to descriptive) may be called for. Another proposal coming Luciano Mariani (1979: 73-78) which offers a program for teacher educations that consist of professional components. In this programme, Mariani includes components such as, (a). conscious understanding of the teacher’s role and of the learning/teaching situation with the subject Sociology of learning and teaching, (b). knowledge of the learner with the subject Development Psychology, (c). the learner’s learning processes with the subject Psychology of learning, (d). knowledge of language as the reality to work on and with, as the subject General Linguistics, Psycholinguistics and Sociolinguistics, (e). knowledge of specific TEFL/TEST methods and techniques with the subject Applied Linguistics and TEFL/TESL methodology. In this programme, we can see that linguistics and applied linguistics take an important place. In this context, Roger Berry (1990: 97) says, “Even teacher education programme for language teachers come in many shapes and sizes, but they all have the same underlying repertoire”. Berry (1990: 97-105) offers a programme of teacher education for language teachers which consists of a primary skills components, a methodology components and a theory components. In this programme, he also includes two additional components, such as a subject matter component and a language improvement component. He puts linguistics and applied linguistics as the main contributory to all components. Eventhough, he does not show the components of linguistics and applied linguistics explicitly, they take a great role to play in the programme. Peter A. Shaw (1979: 12) points out that the components of linguistics and applied linguistics can be given through the use of a worksheet on which the trainees analyse the language content of their practice lessons and prepare themselves to teach it. According to Jack C. Richard (1987: 209) says that linguistics does not only give contribution to the knowledge base, but also provide the theoretical basis for the practical component in teacher education programme. Futher he says that in the field of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), teacher aducation programs typically include a knowledge base, draw from linguistics and language learning theory, and a practical component, based on language teaching methodology and opportunity for practice teaching. In principle, knowledge and information from such disciples as linguistics and second language acquisition provide the theoretical basis for the practical components of TESOL teacher education programs. In this view, we can see that the role of linguistics in teacher education programme is very important both as a knowledge and as a theoretical basis.Further, Donald Freeman (1989: 29) points out that the role of applied linguistics as one of those which contributes to the knowledge on which the language teaching is based. Further he says that although applied linguistics, research in second language acquisition, and methodology all contribute to the knowledge on which language teaching is based, they are not, and must not be confused with, language teaching itself. They are, in fact, ancillary to it, and thus they should not be the primary subject matter of language teacher education. In this view, it is clear that applied linguistics, as one of the contributory components, should be put as the main subject matter in a teacher education programme for language teachers. Peter Strevens (1975: 23) suggests that the skill components in a teacher education programme for language teachers must ensure that the teacher’s command of English, is at least adequate for classroom purpose. He also says that in the theory component including as the theoretical component in postgraduate teacher training the interdisciplinary approach of applied linguistics, which integrates appropriate parts of the disciplines most relevant to language teaching.
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