5. SOME GENERAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH CODING AND NEURONAL PROCESSIN terjemahan - 5. SOME GENERAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH CODING AND NEURONAL PROCESSIN Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

5. SOME GENERAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED

5. SOME GENERAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH CODING AND NEURONAL PROCESSING IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neural Signals: Label Line Codes and Pattern Codes (Fig. 3.13)
The body responds to external and internal environmental stimuli through receptors that are associated with modalities of the sensory systems. The recognized receptors are mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, and chemoreceptors. The modalities comprise general somatic senses, balance, audition, vision, taste, and smell. Most sensory receptors are sensitive to specific stimulus energies, called receptor specificity that results in generating a neural signal as a signalline code in a first-order neuron. The code of specific modalities associated with, for example, touch (Chap. 10) is conveyed via specific Chapter 3 Basic Neurophysiology 71 lines though a series of neurons and neural centers of the CNS where they are processed to evoke the perception of the sensation. Each sensory receptor responds when it is adequately stimulated, in a specific manner regardless of the stimulus. Whether activated by a natural or an artificial (e.g., electrical) stimulus, the same sensation is elicited. Chemoreceptors lack the specificity of responding to a single stimulus signal and, thus, do not project their information along signal lines. Rather, the modalities associated with taste and smell use a pattern code signal in which several receptors are activated. The resulting discharge pattern of signals formed by a group of neurons is the basis for the perception of a given flavor or odor.

Transformation of the Neural Signals at Processing Centers of Pathways
Neural processing occurs within the neural centers (laminae, nuclei, and cortices) of each pathway system. Neurons within these centers process the patterns of incoming signals and transform them so that the relay neurons project a different pattern of signals to other centers. Each center performs a transformation function. Each center consists of (1) relay neurons whose axons project to other centers, (2) interneurons with processes located wholly within the center, and (3) terminations of axons from other sources.

Processing Within the Nervous System
The ascending (and descending) pathways function both as processors and as transmitters of coded information. The processing within a center of a pathway is information linked, not energy linked. For example, stimulation of the optic system evokes sensations related to vision, regardless of whether the stimulus is light, an electrical shock, or a blow to the eye.
The sensory inputs to the relay neurons within a center are examples of convergence (input of axons from many neurons to one relay neuron) and divergence (input of an axon to more than one relay neuron). These inputs form a basis for some of the complexities of interactions among neurons. The numerous signals arriving at each processing center and interaction with the local interneurons act to bias, enhance or dampen signals and their transmission. In effect, each center acts as an editor. A major role in the processing is performed by the local inhibitory interneurons in (1) feedback inhibition, (2) feed-forward inhibition, and (3) reflected inhibition.
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
5. SOME GENERAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH CODING AND NEURONAL PROCESSING IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEMNeural Signals: Label Line Codes and Pattern Codes (Fig. 3.13) The body responds to external and internal environmental stimuli through receptors that are associated with modalities of the sensory systems. The recognized receptors are mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, and chemoreceptors. The modalities comprise general somatic senses, balance, audition, vision, taste, and smell. Most sensory receptors are sensitive to specific stimulus energies, called receptor specificity that results in generating a neural signal as a signalline code in a first-order neuron. The code of specific modalities associated with, for example, touch (Chap. 10) is conveyed via specific Chapter 3 Basic Neurophysiology 71 lines though a series of neurons and neural centers of the CNS where they are processed to evoke the perception of the sensation. Each sensory receptor responds when it is adequately stimulated, in a specific manner regardless of the stimulus. Whether activated by a natural or an artificial (e.g., electrical) stimulus, the same sensation is elicited. Chemoreceptors lack the specificity of responding to a single stimulus signal and, thus, do not project their information along signal lines. Rather, the modalities associated with taste and smell use a pattern code signal in which several receptors are activated. The resulting discharge pattern of signals formed by a group of neurons is the basis for the perception of a given flavor or odor.
Transformation of the Neural Signals at Processing Centers of Pathways
Neural processing occurs within the neural centers (laminae, nuclei, and cortices) of each pathway system. Neurons within these centers process the patterns of incoming signals and transform them so that the relay neurons project a different pattern of signals to other centers. Each center performs a transformation function. Each center consists of (1) relay neurons whose axons project to other centers, (2) interneurons with processes located wholly within the center, and (3) terminations of axons from other sources.

Processing Within the Nervous System
The ascending (and descending) pathways function both as processors and as transmitters of coded information. The processing within a center of a pathway is information linked, not energy linked. For example, stimulation of the optic system evokes sensations related to vision, regardless of whether the stimulus is light, an electrical shock, or a blow to the eye.
The sensory inputs to the relay neurons within a center are examples of convergence (input of axons from many neurons to one relay neuron) and divergence (input of an axon to more than one relay neuron). These inputs form a basis for some of the complexities of interactions among neurons. The numerous signals arriving at each processing center and interaction with the local interneurons act to bias, enhance or dampen signals and their transmission. In effect, each center acts as an editor. A major role in the processing is performed by the local inhibitory interneurons in (1) feedback inhibition, (2) feed-forward inhibition, and (3) reflected inhibition.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
5. BEBERAPA KONSEP UMUM YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN CODING DAN neuronal PENGOLAHAN DI SISTEM SARAF
Neural Sinyal: Label Kode Line dan Pola Kode (. Gambar 3.13)
Tubuh merespon rangsangan lingkungan eksternal dan internal melalui reseptor yang berkaitan dengan modalitas dari sistem sensorik. Reseptor yang diakui adalah mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, thermoreceptors, fotoreseptor, dan kemoreseptor. Modalitas terdiri umum indra somatik, keseimbangan, audisi, visi, rasa, dan bau. Kebanyakan reseptor sensorik yang sensitif terhadap energi stimulus tertentu, yang disebut spesifisitas reseptor yang menghasilkan menghasilkan sinyal saraf sebagai kode signalline dalam neuron orde pertama. Kode modalitas spesifik yang terkait dengan, misalnya, sentuhan (Bab. 10) disampaikan melalui Bab spesifik 3 Basic Neurofisiologi 71 baris meskipun serangkaian neuron dan pusat saraf dari CNS mana mereka akan diproses untuk membangkitkan persepsi sensasi. Setiap reseptor sensorik merespon ketika dirangsang secara memadai, dengan cara tertentu tanpa stimulus. Apakah diaktifkan oleh alam atau buatan (misalnya listrik) stimulus, sensasi yang sama menimbulkan. Kemoreseptor kurang kekhususan menanggapi sinyal stimulus tunggal dan, dengan demikian, tidak memproyeksikan informasi mereka sepanjang garis sinyal. Sebaliknya, modalitas terkait dengan rasa dan bau menggunakan sinyal kode pola di mana beberapa reseptor diaktifkan. Pola debit yang dihasilkan dari sinyal yang dibentuk oleh sekelompok neuron adalah dasar untuk persepsi rasa yang diberikan atau bau. Transformasi dari Sinyal Neural di Pengolahan Pusat dari Persiapan pengolahan Neural terjadi dalam pusat-pusat saraf (lamina, inti, dan korteks) dari setiap sistem jalur. Neuron dalam pusat-pusat memproses pola sinyal yang masuk dan mengubah mereka sehingga neuron estafet memproyeksikan pola yang berbeda dari sinyal ke pusat-pusat lainnya. Setiap pusat melakukan fungsi transformasi. Setiap pusat terdiri dari (1) neuron estafet yang akson proyek ke pusat-pusat lain, (2) interneuron dengan proses terletak sepenuhnya dalam pusat, dan (3) pengakhiran akson dari sumber lain. Pengolahan Dalam Sistem Saraf ascending The (dan turun) jalur berfungsi baik sebagai prosesor dan sebagai pemancar informasi kode. Pengolahan dalam pusat jalur informasi terkait, tidak terkait energi. Misalnya, stimulasi sistem optik membangkitkan sensasi yang terkait dengan visi, terlepas dari apakah stimulus ringan, sengatan listrik, atau pukulan ke mata. Input sensorik ke neuron estafet dalam sebuah pusat adalah contoh dari konvergensi (input akson dari banyak neuron ke neuron satu relay) dan divergensi (masukan dari akson ke lebih dari satu neuron relay). Input ini membentuk dasar untuk beberapa kompleksitas interaksi antara neuron. Banyak sinyal tiba di setiap pusat pengolahan dan interaksi dengan interneuron lokal bertindak bias, meningkatkan atau mengurangi sinyal dan transmisi mereka. Akibatnya, setiap pusat bertindak sebagai editor. Peran utama dalam pengolahan dilakukan oleh interneuron penghambat lokal dalam (1) inhibisi umpan balik, (2) memberi makan-maju penghambatan, dan (3) tercermin penghambatan.







Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: