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Facet erosion is a gradual degradation occurring over a longer period oftime than catastrophic facet damage. The decrease in mirror reflectivity and theincrease in nonradiative recombination at the facets owing to facet erosionlower the internal quantum efficienqr of the laser and increase the thresholdcurrent. In GaAlAs lasers facet erosion arises from oxidation of the mirrorSurface. It is speculated that the oxidation process is stimulated by the opticalradiation emitted from the laser. Facet erosion is minimized bjr depositing ahalf-wavelength-thick Al2o3 film on the facet. This type of coating acts as amoisture barrier and does not affect the mirror reflectivity or the lasingthreshold current.A Comparison of two definitions of failure for laser diodes operating at70° C is shown in Fig. 4-41. The lower curve shows the time required for thelaser output to drop to one-half its initial value when a constant current passesthrough the device. This is the "3-dB life.
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