10.3.5 Summary of the biological pumpAmong those attempting to model c terjemahan - 10.3.5 Summary of the biological pumpAmong those attempting to model c Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

10.3.5 Summary of the biological pu

10.3.5 Summary of the biological pump
Among those attempting to model carbon dioxide fluxes between the atmosphere
and the ocean, there is agreement that biological processes lead to a net
flux of carbon into the ocean. Part of the primary production in the mixed layer
is consumed and respired in that layer so that the carbon dioxide released by
respiration is returned to the atmosphere, and therefore leads to no net loss to
the atmosphere. Another part (equivalent to the “new production”) sinks out
of the mixed layer, carrying with it fixed carbon that is withdrawn from contact
with the atmosphere for some considerable period. Carbon dioxide transfer
across the sea surface is dependent on the difference between the partial pressure
of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in surface waters and in the air, multiplied by a
gas transfer coefficient. The partial-pressure difference is strongly influenced by
biological carbon fixation, since vigorous photosynthesis by algae reduces the
carbon dioxide concentration in surface waters (although not enough to limit further
carbon fixation). On the other hand, if cold water is upwelled and warmed
at the surface, the change in temperature will increase the partial pressure,
because warm water saturates at a lower gas concentration than cold water.
The gas transfer coefficient is dependent on such factors as wind strength, degree
of surface turbulence, and the shape of the waves. Attempts to quantify these variables
in wind-tunnel experiments have led to widely differing results, but some
cross-checking against the values used to simulate conditions in the ocean can be
3 CO2 + H2O + CO 2−2HCO
DIC in surface water
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10.3.5 ringkasan pompa biologisAntara orang-orang yang mencoba untuk model karbon dioksida fluks antara suasanadan Samudera, ada kesepakatan bahwa proses-proses biologis mengakibatkan bersihfluks karbon ke laut. Dalam produksi utama dalam lapisan campurandikonsumsi dan respired dalam lapisan itu sehingga karbon dioksida dilepaskan olehrespirasi dikembalikan ke atmosfer, dan oleh karena itu mengarah ke tidak rugi bersihsuasana. Bagian lain (setara dengan "produksi baru") tenggelam keluarcampuran lapisan, membawa dengan itu tetap karbon yang ditarik dari kontakdengan suasana untuk beberapa periode yang cukup besar. Transfer karbon dioksidadi seberang laut permukaan bergantung pada perbedaan tekanan parsialkarbon dioksida (pCO2) di permukaan air dan di udara, dikalikan dengankoefisien transfer gas. Perbedaan tekanan parsial sangat dipengaruhi olehfiksasi biologis karbon, karena mengurangi kuat fotosintesis oleh ganggangkonsentrasi karbon dioksida di permukaan air (walaupun tidak cukup untuk membatasi lebih lanjutkarbon fiksasi). Di sisi lain, jika air dingin upwelled dan hangatdi permukaan, perubahan dalam suhu akan meningkatkan tekanan parsial,karena air hangat lemak jenuh pada konsentrasi gas yang lebih rendah daripada air dingin.Koefisien transfer gas tergantung pada faktor-faktor seperti kekuatan angin, gelarpermukaan turbulensi, dan bentuk gelombang. Upaya untuk mengukur variabel inidalam terowongan angin percobaan telah mengakibatkan hasil yang berbeda secara luas, tetapi beberapapemeriksaan terhadap nilai-nilai yang digunakan untuk mensimulasikan kondisi di laut dapat3 CO2, H2O + CO 2−2HCODIC di permukaan air
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