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Cheptegl,, introdudion to the Instructiolial Design Process One can see that there are a variety of employment opportunities for instruc-tional designers. The basic.process we describe in this book is applicable to all these various contexts that employ instructional designers. Before we overview the instructional design process and our instructional design model, let's examine the premises underlying the instructional design process. PREMISES UNDERLYING THE INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROCESS We have identified seven basic premises to help you understand the ID process and apply it successfully. These premises can influence both your thinking and your treatment of the instructional design plan. Premise The instructional design process requires attention to both a systematic procedure and specificity for treating details within the plan. The term systematic refers to an orderly, logical method of identifying, devel-oping, and evaluating a set of strategies aimed at attaining a particular instructional goal. This task is accomplished using the nine interrelated elements of the instruc-tional design plan. Treating each element requires exacting mental effort. Each element of the plan (if it is relevant to your project) must be applied with attention to precise details. This means being specific. For example, an instructional objective is a statement that includes a verb. We can use this verb and other information in the objective to determine if we are designing content that will address the performance problem we have identified. The content and verb in the objective also guide the development of an instructional strategy and indicates how achievement will be evaluated. The details of the instructional strategy are used to develop the instruction that will support objective. Similarly, the details included in the specification of the objective are used to determine how to assess the learner's mastery of the objective. These are examples of the indication of the specific treatment required when implementing the instructional design process. Each part of the process depends on one or more earlier tasks to design appropriate instruction. Attention to detail is critical for the success of any instructional design work. By applying systematic procedures and being attentive to specific details, you can design effective instruction. Premise 2: The instructional design process starts by identifying an instruc-tional problem. Instructional designers first determine if there is a performance problem that can be solved efficiently by instruction before they start designing the instruction In contrast, organizations often bring in guest speakers or provide workshops on general topics such as time management or business writing without first clearly identifying a need. To answer the question of "what to include,- the instructional designer begins by identifying the performance problem and then uses a variety of tools to determine what knowledge and skills are needed solve the pi, it,linn
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