BRAND FOCUS 5.0Private-Label Strategies and ResponsesThis appendix con terjemahan - BRAND FOCUS 5.0Private-Label Strategies and ResponsesThis appendix con Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

BRAND FOCUS 5.0Private-Label Strate

BRAND FOCUS 5.0
Private-Label Strategies and Responses
This appendix considers the issue of private labels or store brands. After portraying private-label branding strategies, it describes how major manufacturers’ brands have responded to their threat.
Private Labels
Although different terms and definitions are possible, private labels can be defined as products marketed by retailers and other members of the distribution chain. Private labels can be called store brands when they actually adopt the name of the store itself in some way (such as Safeway Select). Private labels should not be confused with generics, whose simple black and white packaging typically provides no information about who made the product. Private-label brands typically cost less to make and sell than the national or manufacturer brands with which they compete.
Thus, the appeal to consumers of buying private labels and store brands often is the cost savings involved; the appeal to retailers of selling private labels and store brands is that their gross margin is often 25 percent to 30 percent nearly twice that of national brands.
The history of private labels is one of many ups and downs. The irst private-label grocery products in the United States were sold by the Great Atlantic and Paciic Tea Company (later known as A&P), which was founded in 1863. During the first half of the twentieth century, a number of store brands were successfully introduced. Under competitive pressure from the sophisticated mass-marketing practices adopted by large packaged-goods companies in the 1950s, private labels fell out of favor with consumers. Because the appeal of private labels to consumers has traditionally been their lower cost, the sales of private labels generally have been highly correlated with personal disposable income. The recession of the 1970s saw the successful introduction of low-cost, basic-quality, and minimally packaged generic products that appealed to bargain-seeking consumers. During the subsequent economic upswing, though, the lack of perceived quality eventually hampered sales of generics, and many consumers returned to national or manufacturers’ brands. To better compete in today’s marketplace, private-label makers have begun improving quality and expanding the variety of their private-label offerings to include premium products. In recognition of the power of bold graphics, supermarket retailers have been careful to design attractive, upscale packages for their own premium branded products. Because of these and other actions, private-label sales have recently made some major inroads in new markets. Retailers value private labels for their profit margins and their means of differentiation to drive customer loyalty. Retailer Target has introduced a steady stream of exclusives through the years, such as its stylish Mossimo apparel and Michael Graves housewares brands.95
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MEREK FOKUS 5.0Swasta-Label strategi dan tanggapanLampiran ini menganggap masalah pribadi label atau toko merek. Setelah menggambarkan strategi branding swasta-label, itu menggambarkan bagaimana besar produsen merek telah merespon ancaman mereka.Label pribadiMeskipun berbeda istilah dan definisi yang mungkin, label pribadi dapat didefinisikan sebagai produk yang dipasarkan oleh pengecer dan anggota lain dari rantai distribusi. Label pribadi dapat disebut toko merek ketika mereka benar-benar mengadopsi nama toko itu sendiri dalam beberapa cara (seperti Safeway pilih). Label pribadi tidak boleh bingung dengan obat generik, Kemasan hitam dan putih yang sederhana biasanya menyediakan ada informasi tentang siapa yang membuat produk. Swasta-label merek biasanya biaya kurang untuk membuat dan menjual daripada merek nasional atau produsen yang mereka bersaing. Dengan demikian, daya tarik untuk konsumen membeli label pribadi dan merek toko sering adalah penghematan biaya yang terlibat; daya tarik untuk pengecer menjual label pribadi dan merek toko adalah bahwa marjin kotor mereka sering 25 persen untuk 30 persen hampir dua kali lipat dari merek nasional.Sejarah pribadi label adalah salah satu dari banyak pasang dan surut. Irst kelontong swasta-label produk di Amerika Serikat yang dijual oleh Atlantic besar dan Paciic teh Company (kemudian dikenal sebagai A & P), yang didirikan pada tahun 1863. Selama paruh pertama abad kedua puluh, sejumlah toko merek telah berhasil diperkenalkan. Di bawah tekanan kompetitif dari canggih massa-praktik pemasaran diadopsi oleh perusahaan-perusahaan besar dikemas-barang di tahun 1950-an, label pribadi jatuh dari nikmat dengan konsumen. Karena daya tarik pribadi label untuk konsumen secara tradisional telah mereka biaya yang lebih rendah, penjualan pribadi label umumnya telah sangat berkorelasi dengan pendapatan pribadi. Resesi 1970-an melihat pengenalan sukses bertarif rendah, kualitas dasar dan minimal dikemas produk generik yang menarik konsumen mencari murah. Selama sektor ekonomi berikutnya, meskipun, kurangnya kualitas penjualan obat generik yang akhirnya terhambat, dan banyak konsumen kembali ke nasional atau produsen merek. Untuk lebih mampu bersaing di pasar hari ini, pembuat swasta-label telah mulai meningkatkan kualitas dan memperluas berbagai penawaran swasta-label mereka untuk menyertakan produk-produk premium. Atas kekuatan grafis tebal, pengecer supermarket telah hati-hati untuk desain menarik, kelas atas paket untuk premi mereka sendiri produk bermerek. Karena ini dan tindakan lain, penjualan swasta-label baru membuat beberapa terobosan besar di pasar baru. Pengecer nilai pribadi label untuk margin keuntungan mereka dan cara mereka diferensiasi untuk berkendara loyalitas pelanggan. Target pengecer telah memperkenalkan aliran eksklusif selama bertahun-tahun, seperti gaya pakaian Mossimo dan Michael Graves peralatan rumah tangga brands.95
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