of the growth medium in the absence of the antibiotic (Fig. 3A).The tR terjemahan - of the growth medium in the absence of the antibiotic (Fig. 3A).The tR Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

of the growth medium in the absence

of the growth medium in the absence of the antibiotic (Fig. 3A).
The tRNA-affiliated fraction ϕT also increases, being forced to
do so by the assumption of coregulation (Fig. 3C). We note that
in the four-component model, translation limitation can also be
obtained by increasing the Michaelis constant of translation φM,
which leads to the same growth-rate dependence as changing the
maximal translation speed γmax.
Coregulation of Ribosomal and tRNA-Affiliated Proteins Corresponds
to Near-Optimal Allocation of Protein Synthesis Resources. So far, we
have assumed that the factor α, the ratio between the tRNAaffiliated
and ribosomal proteome fractions, is constant and independent
of the growth rate. Based on an optimization scheme
originally proposed by Ehrenberg and Kurland (22), we have
varied α and adjusted it such that the growth rate is maximized
for any given growth conditions, i.e., for fixed medium parameters
(ν, γmax, φM). The optimal α is dependent on the growth rate
and a systematic decrease of the ratio of T-proteins to ribosomes
with the growth rate is obtained (Fig. 4). Although the data for
EF-Tu per ribosome (symbols in Fig. 4C) show a slight decrease
with increasing growth rate, the optimal α is smaller than the
observed values. However, for all realistic values of the growth
rate (up to three doublings per hour), a constant α = 0.6 as used
above leads to a growth rate within 10%of the maximum obtained
by optimizing α, and the experimental ratio of EF-Tu per ribosome,
which decreases slightly at fast growth, even remains in
the ±5% region (gray symbols in Fig. 4C). As a result, we conclude
that coregulation (or approximate coregulation) of ribosomal
and T-proteins is a near-optimal strategy for the cell, which
may be “good enough” to achieve fast growth. As the additional
complexity of regulating the two proteome sectors separately to
achieve full optimization may incur additional fitness costs,
coregulation (with possibly some adjustment to lower the ratio
ϕT/ϕR at fast growth) may even be the most robust strategy for
the cell to adopt.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Media pertumbuhan dalam ketiadaan antibiotik (gambar 3A).ΦT tRNA-berafiliasi sebagian kecil juga meningkat, dipaksa untukmelakukannya dengan asumsi coregulation (Fig. 3 c). Kita perhatikan bahwadalam model empat-komponen, pembatasan terjemahan juga dapatDiperoleh dengan meningkatnya konstan Michaelis terjemahan φM,yang mengarah ke tingkat pertumbuhan ketergantungan sama seperti mengubahγmax kecepatan maksimal terjemahan.Coregulation Ribosomal dan berafiliasi dengan tRNA protein CorrespondsDekat Optimal alokasi sumber daya sintesis Protein. Sejauh ini, kamitelah diasumsikan bahwa faktor α, rasio antara tRNAaffiliateddan pecahan ribosomal proteome, tetap dan independendari tingkat pertumbuhan. Berdasarkan skema optimasiawalnya diusulkan oleh Ehrenberg dan Kurland (22), kita memilikibervariasi α dan disesuaikan sedemikian rupa sehingga tingkat pertumbuhan dimaksimalkanuntuk setiap diberikan kondisi pertumbuhan, yaitu, untuk tetap menengah parameter(Ν, γmax, φM). Optimal α tergantung pada tingkat pertumbuhandan menurun sistematis rasio T-protein untuk ribosomdengan pertumbuhan tingkat diperoleh (gambar 4). Meskipun data untukEF-Tu per ribosom (simbol dalam gambar 4 c) menunjukkan sedikit menurundengan meningkatnya tingkat pertumbuhan, optimal α lebih kecil daripadanilai-nilai yang diamati. Namun, untuk semua nilai realistis pertumbuhanmenilai (hingga tiga doublings per jam), α konstan = 0,6 digunakandi atas mengarah ke tingkat pertumbuhan dalam 10% dari maksimum Diperolehdengan mengoptimalkan α, dan rasio eksperimental EF-Tu per ribosom,yang menurun sedikit pada pertumbuhan cepat, bahkan tetap di± 5% daerah (abu-abu simbol dalam gambar 4 c). Sebagai hasilnya, kita menyimpulkanbahwa coregulation (atau perkiraan coregulation) dari ribosomaldan T-protein adalah strategi yang dekat optimal untuk sel, yangmungkin "cukup baik" untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang cepat. Sebagai tambahankompleksitas mengatur kedua sektor proteome secara terpisah untukmencapai optimasi penuh mungkin akan dikenakan biaya tambahan Kebugaran,coregulation (dengan kemungkinan beberapa penyesuaian untuk menurunkan rasioΦT/ϕR di pertumbuhan cepat) bahkan mungkin strategi yang paling kuat untuksel untuk mengadopsi.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
of the growth medium in the absence of the antibiotic (Fig. 3A).
The tRNA-affiliated fraction ϕT also increases, being forced to
do so by the assumption of coregulation (Fig. 3C). We note that
in the four-component model, translation limitation can also be
obtained by increasing the Michaelis constant of translation φM,
which leads to the same growth-rate dependence as changing the
maximal translation speed γmax.
Coregulation of Ribosomal and tRNA-Affiliated Proteins Corresponds
to Near-Optimal Allocation of Protein Synthesis Resources. So far, we
have assumed that the factor α, the ratio between the tRNAaffiliated
and ribosomal proteome fractions, is constant and independent
of the growth rate. Based on an optimization scheme
originally proposed by Ehrenberg and Kurland (22), we have
varied α and adjusted it such that the growth rate is maximized
for any given growth conditions, i.e., for fixed medium parameters
(ν, γmax, φM). The optimal α is dependent on the growth rate
and a systematic decrease of the ratio of T-proteins to ribosomes
with the growth rate is obtained (Fig. 4). Although the data for
EF-Tu per ribosome (symbols in Fig. 4C) show a slight decrease
with increasing growth rate, the optimal α is smaller than the
observed values. However, for all realistic values of the growth
rate (up to three doublings per hour), a constant α = 0.6 as used
above leads to a growth rate within 10%of the maximum obtained
by optimizing α, and the experimental ratio of EF-Tu per ribosome,
which decreases slightly at fast growth, even remains in
the ±5% region (gray symbols in Fig. 4C). As a result, we conclude
that coregulation (or approximate coregulation) of ribosomal
and T-proteins is a near-optimal strategy for the cell, which
may be “good enough” to achieve fast growth. As the additional
complexity of regulating the two proteome sectors separately to
achieve full optimization may incur additional fitness costs,
coregulation (with possibly some adjustment to lower the ratio
ϕT/ϕR at fast growth) may even be the most robust strategy for
the cell to adopt.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
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