Literature Review And Hypotheses Al

Literature Review And Hypotheses
Although, there are not so much studies purely carried out by PROMETHEE application, it is easy to come across many of those which are conducted via several multi-criteria decision making techniques for performance measurement. Kazan, Çiftçi and Coúkun (2014), aimed to measure the relationship between financial performance and corporate governance outcomes that belongs to seven of large companies trading in IMKB, by using PROMETHEE method. Yurdakul and øç (2003) measured the intuitional performance of five of big scaled automotive companies whose stocks are traded in IMKB, by using their financial ratios via TOPSIS method. Albayrak and Erkut (2005) proposed models taking both financial and non-financial diminutions into account for measuring general corporation performance by using AHP method. Soba, AkcanlÕ and Erem (2012) measured the efficiency of 28 of firms which are from machine and metal equipment producing sector between 2008-2010 by applying DEA and TOPSIS. Kazan and Pekkanli and Çatal (2012), Eleren and Karagül, (2008) accounted the performance score for the economy of Turkey according to economical outcomes between 1986 and 2006 with respect to seven of basic economical parameters by using TOPSIS method. In results, it was seen that 1986 was the best year for the Turkish economy. Özden, (2009) examined how the financial performance of deposit banks covering 2002-2007 were effected in Turkey via MCDM methods, after implementing a set of legal regularities due to 2001 economic crisis
BalcÕ (1993) developed a scale for investigating what extent primary schools have attributes of effective schools on administrator, teacher, student and school atmosphere and parental factors in the study of evaluating primary schools in accordance with effective schools attributes. ùiúman (2002) conducted a survey covering 14 schools and 224 teachers in Eskiúehir. In consequence, he found that there is statistically meaningful difference in school culture and atmosphere, teacher, student, school environment and parent factors between village and town schools. Scheerens & Bosker (1997) created a model in order to compare developed countries with developing countries in educational effectiveness on behalf of World Bank and UNESCO IIEP. According to results, inequality ratio may rise approximately until 40% among schools in developing countries while it is restricted roughly 5% in developed countries. Besides, there is a positively strong relationship between human and material inputs and achievement output in developing countries.
3. Methodology and Method
3.1. PROMETHEE
PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation) is a kind of MCDM method developed by J.P. Brans. It is quite easy in both understanding and applying in comparison to other methods. The gist of method based on pairwise comparison. However, the main difference from other methods is that PROMETHEE takes inner relationships of each evaluation facts into account while the decision making process (Brans & Mareschal, 2005). Initially, an evaluation table where several alternatives are evaluated according to each criteria is established. After this point, there are some more calculation stages while the procedure.
First of all, a particular preference function need to be determined (Pj(a,b)) in order to translates deviation between the evaluations of two alternatives (a and b) on a specific criterion (gj) into a preference degree ranging from 0 to 1. Preference scores of alternatives on a certain criteria are derived from (fj(a)-fj(b)), as shown in Formula 1. Selection method is enriched by six possible shapes of preference function which are usual shape, U-shape function, V-shape function, level function, linear function and Gaussian function.