One central issue that arose in the NR affair was the question of inso terjemahan - One central issue that arose in the NR affair was the question of inso Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

One central issue that arose in the

One central issue that arose in the NR affair was the question of insolvency v. illiquidity. The traditional view is well established: that it is the role of a central bank to lend to, and support, banks which are solvent (assets exceeding liabilities) but illiquid (not having the immediate liquidity to repay depositors on demand). The conditions for central bank support are well established and go back to Bagehot’s (1873) famous dictum: the bank should be solvent, the support should be at a penalty interest rate, it should be against good collateral, and it should be temporary. The danger of not offering support in these conditions is that a solvent but illiquid bank may be forced to sell assets in a fire-sale at a discount to the nominal value. Dependent on the size of the discount, this could turn an otherwise solvent bank into insolvency. Secondly, a forced insolvency of a solvent bank would involve unnecessary economic and social costs.
The question arises as to what the precise meaning of insolvency is for these purposes. This can be viewed at three levels:
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One central issue that arose in the NR affair was the question of insolvency v. illiquidity. The traditional view is well established: that it is the role of a central bank to lend to, and support, banks which are solvent (assets exceeding liabilities) but illiquid (not having the immediate liquidity to repay depositors on demand). The conditions for central bank support are well established and go back to Bagehot’s (1873) famous dictum: the bank should be solvent, the support should be at a penalty interest rate, it should be against good collateral, and it should be temporary. The danger of not offering support in these conditions is that a solvent but illiquid bank may be forced to sell assets in a fire-sale at a discount to the nominal value. Dependent on the size of the discount, this could turn an otherwise solvent bank into insolvency. Secondly, a forced insolvency of a solvent bank would involve unnecessary economic and social costs.The question arises as to what the precise meaning of insolvency is for these purposes. This can be viewed at three levels:
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Salah satu isu sentral yang muncul dalam urusan NR adalah pertanyaan dari kebangkrutan v. Likuiditas. Pandangan tradisional mapan: bahwa itu adalah peran bank sentral untuk memberikan pinjaman kepada, dan dukungan, bank yang pelarut (aset melebihi kewajiban) tetapi tidak likuid (tidak memiliki likuiditas segera untuk membayar deposan pada permintaan). Kondisi untuk dukungan bank sentral yang mapan dan kembali ke Bagehot ini (1873) diktum terkenal: bank harus pelarut, dukungan harus pada tingkat bunga penalti, itu harus melawan agunan yang baik, dan itu harus bersifat sementara. Bahaya tidak menawarkan dukungan dalam kondisi ini adalah bahwa bank pelarut tetapi tidak likuid mungkin terpaksa menjual aset dalam kebakaran jual di diskon untuk nilai nominal. Tergantung pada ukuran dari diskon, ini bisa mengubah sebuah bank yang dinyatakan pelarut ke dalam kebangkrutan. Kedua, kepailitan paksa bank pelarut akan melibatkan biaya ekonomi dan sosial yang tidak perlu.
Timbul pertanyaan seperti apa arti tepat dari kebangkrutan adalah untuk tujuan ini. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada tiga tingkatan:
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