During the initial outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore, most human inf terjemahan - During the initial outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore, most human inf Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

During the initial outbreaks in Mal

During the initial outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore, most
human infections resulted from direct contact with sick pigs or their
contaminated tissues. Transmission is thought to have occurred via
respiratory droplets, contact with throat or nasal secretions from the
pigs, or contact with the tissue of sick animals [42]. In swine, vertical
transmission across the placenta, by iatrogenic means and in semen has
been suggested but not confirmed [15].
While the outbreak in Malaysia had progressed from the natural
host (fruit bats), to amplification host (livestock) and finally to
humans, in Bangladesh no amplification host was needed. People were
somehow being directly infected by fruit bats. In the Bangladesh and
India outbreaks, consumption of fruits or fruit products (e.g. raw date
palm sap) contaminated with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats
was the most likely source of infection [17]. Other people seem to have
been infected while working in the trees [43].
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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During the initial outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore, most human infections resulted from direct contact with sick pigs or their contaminated tissues. Transmission is thought to have occurred via respiratory droplets, contact with throat or nasal secretions from the pigs, or contact with the tissue of sick animals [42]. In swine, vertical transmission across the placenta, by iatrogenic means and in semen has been suggested but not confirmed [15].While the outbreak in Malaysia had progressed from the natural host (fruit bats), to amplification host (livestock) and finally to humans, in Bangladesh no amplification host was needed. People were somehow being directly infected by fruit bats. In the Bangladesh and India outbreaks, consumption of fruits or fruit products (e.g. raw date palm sap) contaminated with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats was the most likely source of infection [17]. Other people seem to have been infected while working in the trees [43].
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Selama wabah awal di Malaysia dan Singapura, sebagian besar
infeksi manusia akibat kontak langsung dengan babi yang sakit atau mereka
jaringan yang terkontaminasi. Transmisi diperkirakan telah terjadi melalui
droplet pernapasan, kontak dengan tenggorokan atau sekret hidung dari
babi, atau kontak dengan jaringan dari hewan yang sakit [42]. Dalam babi, vertikal
transmisi melalui plasenta, dengan cara iatrogenik dan dalam air mani telah
disarankan tetapi tidak dikonfirmasi [15].
Sementara wabah di Malaysia telah berkembang dari alam
host (kelelawar buah), untuk amplifikasi host (ternak) dan akhirnya ke
manusia, di Bangladesh tidak ada amplifikasi tuan diperlukan. Orang-orang
entah bagaimana sedang langsung terinfeksi oleh kelelawar buah. Di Bangladesh dan
India wabah, konsumsi buah atau produk buah (misalnya tanggal baku
nira kelapa) yang terkontaminasi dengan air kencing atau air liur dari kelelawar buah yang terinfeksi
adalah sumber yang paling mungkin dari infeksi [17]. Orang lain tampaknya telah
terinfeksi saat bekerja di pohon-pohon [43].
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