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Energy from the OceansThe ocean is in constant motion. If you’ve been tothe seashore you’ve seen waves roll in. You may haveseen the level of the ocean rise and fall over a period ofabout a half day. This rise and fall in the ocean level iscalled a tide. The constant movement of the ocean is aninexhaustible source of mechanical energy that can beconverted into electric energy. While methods are stillbeing developed to convert the motion in ocean wavesto electric energy, several electric power plants usingtidal motion have been built.Using Tidal EnergyA high tide and a low tide each occurabout twice a day. In most places the level of the ocean changes byless than a few meters.However, in some places the change is muchgreater. In the Bay of Fundy in Eastern Canada, the ocean levelchanges by 16 m between high tide and low tide.Almost 14 trillionkg of water move into or out of the bay between high and low tide.Figure 23 shows an electric power plant that has been builtalong the Bay of Fundy. This power plant generates enough electricenergy to power about 12,000 homes. The power plantis constructed so that as the tide rises, water flows througha turbine that causes an electric generator to spin, as shown inFigure 24A. The water is then trapped behind a dam.When thetide goes out, the trapped water behind the dam is releasedthrough the turbine to generate more electricity, as shown inFigure 24B. Each day electric power is generated for about tenhours when the tide is rising and falling.While tidal energy is a nonpolluting, inexhaustible energysource, its use is limited. Only in a few places is the differencebetween high and low tide large enough to enable a large electricpower plant to be built.Figure 23 This tidal powerplant in Annapolis Royal, NovaScotia, is the only operating tidalpower plant in North America.Figure 24 A tidal power plantcan generate electricity when thetide is coming in and going out.As the tide comes in, it turns a turbine connectedto a generator. When high tide occurs,gates are closed that trap water behind a dam.As the tide goes out and the ocean level drops,the gates are opened and water from behind the damflows through the turbine, causing it to spin and turna generator.
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