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Bitter orange peel is the dried outer part of the pericarp of the ripe or nearly ripe fruit known as the bitter, Seville or Bigarade orange. In botanical characteristics the tree is not unlike the sweet orange and both are regarded as subspecies or varieties of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae). These are named, respectively, C. Aurantium var. amara L. and C. aurantium var. sinensis L. (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck.). The bitter orange is not as widely cultivated as the sweet orange and European supplies come from southem Spain (Seville and Malaga), Sicily (Messina and Palermo), Tripoli via Malta and the West Indies. The dried bitter peel is official in the BP.
History. The bitter orange tree appears to have been introduced from northern India into eastern Africa, Arabia and Syria. whence it was brought to Europe by either the Arabs or Crusaders about AD 1200. The sweet orange was not known in Europe until the fifteenth century und appears to be of Chinese origin.
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