Die or Export

Die or Export" is the motto, import

Die or Export" is the motto, import substitution and production for the
internal market are obsolete concepts. "Countries should specialize according
to their comparative advantage", which lies in the abundance and low
price of their labor; the secret of "economic success" is export promotion.
Under the close watch of the World Bank and the IMF, the same "non-traditional"
exports are promoted simultaneously in a large number of developing
countries. The latter now joined by cheap-labor producers in Eastern
Europe are forced into cutthroat competition. Everybody wants to export
to the same European and North American markets: oversupply obliges
Third World producers to cut their prices; the factory prices of industrial
goods tumble on world markets in much the same way as those of primary
commodities. Competition between and within developing countries contributes
to depressing wages and prices. Export promotion (when applied
simultaneously in a large number of individual countries) leads to overproduction
and the contraction of export revenues. Ironically, the promotion
of exports leads ultimately to lower commodity prices and less export
revenue from which to repay the external debt. In a bitter irony, the most
successful exporting economies are also the World's largest debtor nations.
Moreover, the economic stabilization measures imposed on the South
and the East backfire on the economies of the rich countries: poverty in the
Third World contributes to a global contraction in import demand which in
turn affects economic growth and employment in the OECD countries.
Structural adjustment transforms national economies into open economic
spaces and countries into territories. The latter are "reserves" of
cheap labor and natural resources. But because this process is based on the
globalization of poverty and the worldwide compression of consumer
demand, export promotion in the developing countries can succeed only in
a limited number of cheap-labor locations. In other words, the simultaneous
development of new export activities in a large number of locations is
conducive to greater competition between developing countries in both
Industrial Export Promotion
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Die or Export" is the motto, import substitution and production for theinternal market are obsolete concepts. "Countries should specialize accordingto their comparative advantage", which lies in the abundance and lowprice of their labor; the secret of "economic success" is export promotion.Under the close watch of the World Bank and the IMF, the same "non-traditional"exports are promoted simultaneously in a large number of developingcountries. The latter now joined by cheap-labor producers in EasternEurope are forced into cutthroat competition. Everybody wants to exportto the same European and North American markets: oversupply obligesThird World producers to cut their prices; the factory prices of industrialgoods tumble on world markets in much the same way as those of primarycommodities. Competition between and within developing countries contributesto depressing wages and prices. Export promotion (when appliedsimultaneously in a large number of individual countries) leads to overproductionand the contraction of export revenues. Ironically, the promotionof exports leads ultimately to lower commodity prices and less exportrevenue from which to repay the external debt. In a bitter irony, the mostsuccessful exporting economies are also the World's largest debtor nations.Moreover, the economic stabilization measures imposed on the Southand the East backfire on the economies of the rich countries: poverty in theThird World contributes to a global contraction in import demand which inturn affects economic growth and employment in the OECD countries.Structural adjustment transforms national economies into open economicspaces and countries into territories. The latter are "reserves" ofcheap labor and natural resources. But because this process is based on theglobalization of poverty and the worldwide compression of consumerdemand, export promotion in the developing countries can succeed only ina limited number of cheap-labor locations. In other words, the simultaneousdevelopment of new export activities in a large number of locations isconducive to greater competition between developing countries in bothIndustrial Export Promotion
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Mati atau Ekspor "adalah motto, substitusi impor dan produksi untuk
pasar internal adalah konsep usang." Negara harus spesialis sesuai
dengan keunggulan komparatif mereka ", yang terletak di kelimpahan dan rendah
harga tenaga kerja mereka, rahasia" keberhasilan ekonomi " adalah promosi ekspor.
Di bawah mencermati dari Bank Dunia dan IMF, yang sama "non-tradisional" yang
ekspor dipromosikan secara bersamaan di sejumlah besar berkembang
negara. Yang terakhir sekarang bergabung dengan produsen murah-tenaga kerja di Timur
Eropa dipaksa . kejam kompetisi Semua orang ingin ekspor
ke pasar Eropa dan Amerika Utara yang sama: kelebihan pasokan mewajibkan
produsen Dunia Ketiga untuk memotong harga mereka; harga pabrik industri
barang jatuh di pasar dunia dalam banyak cara yang sama dengan utama
komoditas Persaingan antara dan. negara-negara berkembang memberikan kontribusi
untuk upah menyedihkan dan harga. promosi ekspor (bila diterapkan
serentak di sejumlah besar masing-masing negara) mengarah ke berlebih
dan kontraksi dari pendapatan ekspor. Ironisnya, promosi
ekspor berujung pada harga komoditas yang lebih rendah dan ekspor kurang
pendapatan dari yang untuk membayar utang luar negeri. Dalam ironi pahit, paling
ekonomi mengekspor sukses juga negara-negara debitur terbesar di dunia.
Selain itu, langkah-langkah stabilisasi ekonomi yang dikenakan pada South
dan Timur menjadi bumerang pada ekonomi negara-negara kaya: kemiskinan di
Dunia Ketiga kontribusi untuk kontraksi global yang permintaan impor yang pada
gilirannya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan lapangan kerja di negara-negara OECD.
penyesuaian struktural mengubah ekonomi nasional ke dalam ekonomi terbuka
ruang dan negara-negara ke dalam wilayah. Yang terakhir adalah "cadangan" dari
tenaga kerja murah dan sumber daya alam. Tetapi karena proses ini didasarkan pada
globalisasi kemiskinan dan kompresi di seluruh dunia konsumen
permintaan, promosi ekspor di negara-negara berkembang dapat berhasil hanya dalam
jumlah terbatas lokasi murah tenaga kerja. Dengan kata lain, secara simultan
pengembangan kegiatan ekspor baru di sejumlah besar lokasi adalah
kondusif untuk persaingan yang lebih besar antara negara-negara berkembang di kedua
Ekspor Industri Promosi
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