Solid polymeric materials undergo both physical andchemical changes wh terjemahan - Solid polymeric materials undergo both physical andchemical changes wh Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Solid polymeric materials undergo b

Solid polymeric materials undergo both physical and
chemical changes when heat is applied; this will usually
result in undesirable changes to the properties of the
material. A clear distinction needs to be made between
thermal decomposition and thermal degradation. The
American Society for Testing and Materials’ (ASTM) definitions should provide helpful guidelines. Thermal decomposition is “a process of extensive chemical species
change caused by heat.”
1
Thermal degradation is “a process whereby the action of heat or elevated temperature on
a material, product, or assembly causes a loss of physical,
mechanical, or electrical properties.”1
In terms of fire, the
important change is thermal decomposition, whereby the
chemical decomposition of a solid material generates gaseous fuel vapors, which can burn above the solid material.
In order for the process to be self-sustaining, it is necessary
for the burning gases to feed back sufficient heat to the material to continue the production of gaseous fuel vapors or
volatiles. As such, the process can be a continuous feedback loop if the material continues burning. In that case,
heat transferred to the polymer causes the generation of
flammable volatiles; these volatiles react with the oxygen
in the air above the polymer to generate heat, and a part of
this heat is transferred back to the polymer to continue the
process. (See Figure 1-7.1.) This chapter is concerned with
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Solid polymeric materials undergo both physical andchemical changes when heat is applied; this will usuallyresult in undesirable changes to the properties of thematerial. A clear distinction needs to be made betweenthermal decomposition and thermal degradation. TheAmerican Society for Testing and Materials’ (ASTM) definitions should provide helpful guidelines. Thermal decomposition is “a process of extensive chemical specieschange caused by heat.”1Thermal degradation is “a process whereby the action of heat or elevated temperature ona material, product, or assembly causes a loss of physical,mechanical, or electrical properties.”1In terms of fire, theimportant change is thermal decomposition, whereby thechemical decomposition of a solid material generates gaseous fuel vapors, which can burn above the solid material.In order for the process to be self-sustaining, it is necessaryfor the burning gases to feed back sufficient heat to the material to continue the production of gaseous fuel vapors orvolatiles. As such, the process can be a continuous feedback loop if the material continues burning. In that case,heat transferred to the polymer causes the generation offlammable volatiles; these volatiles react with the oxygenin the air above the polymer to generate heat, and a part ofthis heat is transferred back to the polymer to continue theprocess. (See Figure 1-7.1.) This chapter is concerned with
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Bahan polimer padat menjalani baik fisik dan
perubahan kimia ketika panas diterapkan; ini biasanya akan
menghasilkan perubahan yang tidak diinginkan pada properti dari
material. Sebuah perbedaan yang jelas perlu dibuat antara
dekomposisi termal dan degradasi termal. The
American Society for Testing dan Material '(ASTM) definisi harus memberikan pedoman membantu. Dekomposisi termal adalah "proses spesies kimia yang luas
perubahan yang disebabkan oleh panas."
1
degradasi termal adalah "suatu proses dimana aksi panas atau suhu tinggi pada
bahan, produk, atau perakitan menyebabkan hilangnya fisik,
sifat mekanik, atau listrik . "1
dalam hal kebakaran,
perubahan penting adalah dekomposisi termal, dimana
dekomposisi kimia dari bahan padat menghasilkan uap bahan bakar gas, yang dapat membakar di atas bahan padat.
agar proses untuk menjadi mandiri, perlu
untuk gas pembakaran untuk memberi makan kembali panas yang cukup untuk materi untuk melanjutkan produksi uap bahan bakar gas atau
volatil. Dengan demikian, proses dapat menjadi umpan balik terus menerus jika materi terus terbakar. Dalam hal ini,
panas dipindahkan ke polimer menyebabkan generasi
volatil mudah terbakar; volatil ini bereaksi dengan oksigen
di udara di atas polimer untuk menghasilkan panas, dan sebagian dari
panas ini ditransfer kembali ke polimer untuk melanjutkan
proses. (Lihat Gambar 1-7,1.) Bab ini berkaitan dengan
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