Social work theorists are studying and developing various approaches to understanding organizational behavior and performance. For example. Olmstead’s ideas include the following theories of organization: structural, group, individual decision, and systems theories.
Lippitt and Schmidt suggest correct and incorrect ways of halding critical issues related to organizational crises, which are summarized in Table 8-1.
Resnick emphasizes the impotance of effecting internal change in human service organizations and suggest there are three patterns that might be used advantageously. The first is characterized by a catalyst who convenes an action system whose members are, or seem to be, concerned about an immediate problem in their organization. The second pattern involves a change agent or atalyst who recruits and selects organizational members known to be dissatisfied with the organization’s functioning to form an action system to work for improvement. The third mode concerns a catalyst who pulls an action group together because of its members’ interest in some innovation that they feel would benefit the agency. Resnick concludes, “all the patterns, although having advantages and disadvantages, are seen as effective ways of introducing and achieving organizational change from within.”
Gummer presents three models of organizational behavior: the rational model, the natural-system model, and the power-politcs model. These are not mutually exclusive but may alla be understood and utilized by social work administrators to the advantage of an agency. The rational model relates to what is considered best; it stresses maximization of rationality and reduction of uncertainty. The natural-system model encompasses subsystem goals, informal structure, management of internal conflict, and maintenance of the character of the system. The power-politics models views the organization as primarily a political arena, with various interest groups competing for control of organizational resources. Understanding and using these models may help to strengthen organizational operations in the delivery of social services.
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