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density has not been renewed. Whether in broilers or ducks, the stocking density was investigated usually by small-scale experiments. However, when these conclu-sions from small-scale experimental study were extrap-olated to commercial practice, one should be cautious because much larger group sizes and pen sizes were usually used in commercial poultry production. There-fore, large-scale pens with a pen size of 30 m2were used in our study and the objective of our study was to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance, carcass yield, and foot pad lesions of White Pekin ducks.MATERIALS AND METHODSAll procedures of our experiments were approved by the animal care and use committee of the Institute of Animal Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultur-al Sciences. Two experiments with 5 stocking densities were conducted in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, all ducks were reared in raised plas-tic wire-floor pens with pen size of 30 m2.In experiment 1, a total of 10,200 mixed-sex 1-d-old White Pekin ducks from one commercial hatchery were allotted to 20 plastic wire-floor pens with a female/male ratio of 1:1 according to the stocking densities of 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 birds/m2, respectively (namely, 390, 450, 510, 570, and 630 birds/pen, respectively). Each stocking density treatment had 4 replications, which were balanced for average initial BW. All these ducks were reared with starter diets (Table 1) from
hatch to 14 d of age.
In experiment 2, a total of 5,000 mixed-sex 1-d-old
White Pekin ducks from one commercial hatchery were
raised at 16 birds/m
2
in raised plastic wire-floor pens
with starter diets (Table 1) from hatch to 14 d of age.
At 14 d of age, after removal of the ducks with smallest
and largest BW and the birds with leg problems, the
remaining 3,150 birds were allotted to 15 plastic wire-floor pens with a female/male ratio of 1:1 according
to the stocking densities of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 birds/m
2
,
respectively (namely, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 birds/
pen, respectively). Each stocking density treatment had
4 replications, which were balanced for average initial
BW. All these ducks were reared with grower diets (Ta-ble 1) from 14 to 42 d of age.
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