Baird, Friedman, Schady (2009) have

Baird, Friedman, Schady (2009) have widened the views of relationship between infant mortality
and health expenditures with high income due to female labor participation. They have analyzed that there is a large, negative association between per capita GDP and infant mortality—on
average, a one percent decrease in per capita GDP is associated with an increase in mortality of between 0.24 and 0.40 infants per 1,000 children born. Female infant mortality is more sensitive
than male infant mortality to economic fluctuations, especially during negative shocks to GDP. In poor countries, approximately 30 percent of all deaths occur to children under the age of five, compared to less than 1 percent in rich countries. Further an empirical evidence on the relationship between per capita public health expenditure, under-five mortality rates and crude death rates has provided by Azmat Gani. by using cross-country data from seven Pacific Island countries, which argued that hat per capita health expenditure is an important factor in determining health outcomes. The results suggest that a 10% increase in per capita health expenditure would lead to an approximate 6.6% reduction in infant mortality rate. Of the 11 million children dying annually worldwide and 90% from them are under five. The strong evidence suggest that other than per capita health expenditure, per capita incomes and immunization rates are two core factors that determine health outcomes and causes infant mortality significantly. Education is traditionally an important source of human capital acquisition among adult women. A case study conducted by M. Dave, Reichman and Corman (Nov, 2008) argues that welfare reform significantly decreased the probability of college enrollment among adult women, by at least 20 %.they first estimate effects of welfare reform on high school drop-out of teenage girls, by which it appears the probability of high school enrollment on the same order of magnitude have decreased. Education and training of adult mothers generally do not bother and count as much as it is required. In contrast, little contribution by mothers in labor force and increased enrollment ratio in school and universities are subject to a broader human capital approach. Leigh (Sep,2006) and Jencks in their studies provide results empirically that higher GDP is associated with lower mortality, and that this effect declines as GDP rises. They also find that more inequality is associated with higher mortality. Sackey (2005) has been elaborated Female labor force participation in effect of education, by conducting a case study in GHANA, and found that a rising trend in female labor force participation rates, there has been a parallel tendency towards a decline in fertility. We find
that female schooling matters in both urban and rural localities; both primary and postprimary
schooling levels exert significant positive impact on women’s labor market participation, and have an opposite effect on fertility. They conclude that even the gender gap in education has become narrower over the years, it is important for government policy to ensure the sustainability of the female educational gains obtained. Female human capital and productive
employmentare the key mechanismfor enhancing favorable impacts on perceptions of ideal family size and fertility preferences. Female labor participation by wield a great impact on the quality of life of workers in general and women in particular as well as their families. It is common knowledge that gender differences tend to occur in the extent, forms and strategies for participation in the labor market.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Baird, Friedman, Schady (2009) telah melebar pandangan dari hubungan antara kematian bayidan pengeluaran kesehatan dengan tinggi pendapatan karena partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan. Mereka telah menganalisis bahwa ada sebuah asosiasi yang besar, negatif antara GDP per kapita dan kematian bayi — padarata-rata, penurunan satu persen dalam GDP per kapita dikaitkan dengan peningkatan mortalitas antara 0.24 dan 0.40 bayi per 1.000 anak lahir. Kematian bayi perempuan lebih sensitifthan male infant mortality to economic fluctuations, especially during negative shocks to GDP. In poor countries, approximately 30 percent of all deaths occur to children under the age of five, compared to less than 1 percent in rich countries. Further an empirical evidence on the relationship between per capita public health expenditure, under-five mortality rates and crude death rates has provided by Azmat Gani. by using cross-country data from seven Pacific Island countries, which argued that hat per capita health expenditure is an important factor in determining health outcomes. The results suggest that a 10% increase in per capita health expenditure would lead to an approximate 6.6% reduction in infant mortality rate. Of the 11 million children dying annually worldwide and 90% from them are under five. The strong evidence suggest that other than per capita health expenditure, per capita incomes and immunization rates are two core factors that determine health outcomes and causes infant mortality significantly. Education is traditionally an important source of human capital acquisition among adult women. A case study conducted by M. Dave, Reichman and Corman (Nov, 2008) argues that welfare reform significantly decreased the probability of college enrollment among adult women, by at least 20 %.they first estimate effects of welfare reform on high school drop-out of teenage girls, by which it appears the probability of high school enrollment on the same order of magnitude have decreased. Education and training of adult mothers generally do not bother and count as much as it is required. In contrast, little contribution by mothers in labor force and increased enrollment ratio in school and universities are subject to a broader human capital approach. Leigh (Sep,2006) and Jencks in their studies provide results empirically that higher GDP is associated with lower mortality, and that this effect declines as GDP rises. They also find that more inequality is associated with higher mortality. Sackey (2005) has been elaborated Female labor force participation in effect of education, by conducting a case study in GHANA, and found that a rising trend in female labor force participation rates, there has been a parallel tendency towards a decline in fertility. We findthat female schooling matters in both urban and rural localities; both primary and postprimaryschooling levels exert significant positive impact on women’s labor market participation, and have an opposite effect on fertility. They conclude that even the gender gap in education has become narrower over the years, it is important for government policy to ensure the sustainability of the female educational gains obtained. Female human capital and productiveemploymentare the key mechanismfor enhancing favorable impacts on perceptions of ideal family size and fertility preferences. Female labor participation by wield a great impact on the quality of life of workers in general and women in particular as well as their families. It is common knowledge that gender differences tend to occur in the extent, forms and strategies for participation in the labor market.