MULTIFILM TOMOGRAPHYmultifilm tomog

MULTIFILM TOMOGRAPHY
multifilm tomography uses a series of films palced at regular intervals by spacers or intensifying screens within a book cassette and uses OID in place of fulcrum schanges to achieve the tomographic effect. Although a significantly greater exposure is required to provide sufficient photons for the last film, the singleexposure is usually less that the total of the exposures necessary to produce the same information in a series of separate images. Its primary advantage is that the entire series for lung tomography is achieved at the same breathing phase.
PANORAMIC TOMOGRAPHY
specialized equipment has been developed to permit slit scan radiography of the curved surfaces of the face and head, especially of the mandible. The tems pantomography, orthopantomography and panoramic tomography have been used to describe this type of the x-ray unit. Slit scan radiography uses only the perpendicular photons of the primary beam by using a lead mask to collimate the beam to a narrow slit. Both the x-ray tube and the film rotate past the slit during the exposure to layout the structure of interest, much like rolling paint from a roller onto a wall.
SUMMARY
tomography is a radiographic technique employing motion to show structures lying in a plane of tissue while blurring or eliminating the detail in images of structures in other planes. It primarily demonstrates coronal sections, although sagittal sections of most body parts and transverse sections of the head may be accomplished through postioning. The principle of tomography is based on synchronous movement of two of the three elements in a tomographic system : the x-ray tube, the object and the image receptor. Most tomographic units synchronize the movements of the x-ray tube the image receptor in opposite directions around a stationary fulcrum during the exposure. Those images that lie in the palne of the fulcrum will be projected onto exactly the same location on the image receptor because the image receptor is moving at exactly the proper rate to maintain their location. Objects lecated above and below the fulcrum will be projected onto varing locations on the image receptors as it moves, thus blurring their images. The tomographic amplitude, arc or angle is the total distance the tube travels. The exposure amplitude, arc or angle is the total distance the tube travels during the exposure. The exposure amplitude is always equal to or less than the tomographic amplitude. Blur is the streaking or smearing that results in the loss of nearly all recorded detail of objects outside the focal plane and and is affected by the tomographic amplitude, distance from the fulcrum, distance from the image receptor and orientation of tube motion. Blur edges and blur margins are called phantoms. The focal palne is often referred to as the section, although the terms section level, layer height, object palne and depth of focus have also been used. It is the region within which the image exhibits satisfactory recorded detail and is controlled by the level of the fulcrum, section thickness is the width of the focal plane and is controlled by the exposure angle. The distance between fulcrum levels is the section interval. During tomographic procedures, the section interval should not exceed the section thickness. Tomography was first achieved with a inear motion. Complex or pluridirectional tube motions have been developed, which include circular, elliptical, figure eight, trispiral and hypocycloidal. Choosing proper exposure factors for tomography requires consideration of the sexposure time, milliamperage and kilovoltage. Specialized tomograpic techniques include narrow angle, wide angle, multifilm and panoramic tomography.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

MULTIFILM TOMOGRAPHYmultifilm tomography menggunakan serangkaian film palced secara berkala oleh spacer atau mengintensifkan layar dalam buku kaset dan menggunakan OID tempat titik tumpu schanges untuk mencapai efek tomografi terhitung. Meskipun eksposur yang secara signifikan lebih besar diperlukan untuk menyediakan cukup foton film terakhir, singleexposure adalah biasanya kurang yang total eksposur yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan informasi yang sama dalam serangkaian gambar yang terpisah. Keuntungan utama adalah bahwa seluruh rangkaian untuk paru-paru tomography dicapai pada tahap pernapasan yang sama.PANORAMA TOMOGRAPHYperalatan khusus telah dikembangkan untuk mengizinkan celah scan radiografi permukaan yang melengkung pada wajah dan kepala, terutama mandibula. Tems pantomography, orthopantomography dan panorama tomography telah digunakan untuk menggambarkan jenis x-ray unit. Celah scan radiografi menggunakan hanya photon tegak lurus balok utama dengan menggunakan masker memimpin untuk collimate sinar ke celah sempit. Tabung sinar-x dan film memutar melewati celah selama paparan tata letak struktur bunga, seperti bergulir cat dari sebuah roller ke dinding.RINGKASANtomography is a radiographic technique employing motion to show structures lying in a plane of tissue while blurring or eliminating the detail in images of structures in other planes. It primarily demonstrates coronal sections, although sagittal sections of most body parts and transverse sections of the head may be accomplished through postioning. The principle of tomography is based on synchronous movement of two of the three elements in a tomographic system : the x-ray tube, the object and the image receptor. Most tomographic units synchronize the movements of the x-ray tube the image receptor in opposite directions around a stationary fulcrum during the exposure. Those images that lie in the palne of the fulcrum will be projected onto exactly the same location on the image receptor because the image receptor is moving at exactly the proper rate to maintain their location. Objects lecated above and below the fulcrum will be projected onto varing locations on the image receptors as it moves, thus blurring their images. The tomographic amplitude, arc or angle is the total distance the tube travels. The exposure amplitude, arc or angle is the total distance the tube travels during the exposure. The exposure amplitude is always equal to or less than the tomographic amplitude. Blur is the streaking or smearing that results in the loss of nearly all recorded detail of objects outside the focal plane and and is affected by the tomographic amplitude, distance from the fulcrum, distance from the image receptor and orientation of tube motion. Blur edges and blur margins are called phantoms. The focal palne is often referred to as the section, although the terms section level, layer height, object palne and depth of focus have also been used. It is the region within which the image exhibits satisfactory recorded detail and is controlled by the level of the fulcrum, section thickness is the width of the focal plane and is controlled by the exposure angle. The distance between fulcrum levels is the section interval. During tomographic procedures, the section interval should not exceed the section thickness. Tomography was first achieved with a inear motion. Complex or pluridirectional tube motions have been developed, which include circular, elliptical, figure eight, trispiral and hypocycloidal. Choosing proper exposure factors for tomography requires consideration of the sexposure time, milliamperage and kilovoltage. Specialized tomograpic techniques include narrow angle, wide angle, multifilm and panoramic tomography.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

MULTIFILM TOMOGRAFI
multifilm tomography menggunakan serangkaian film palced secara berkala oleh spacer atau mengintensifkan layar dalam kaset buku dan menggunakan OID di tempat schanges titik tumpu untuk mencapai efek tomografi. Meskipun paparan signifikan lebih besar diperlukan untuk memberikan foton cukup untuk film terakhir, singleexposure biasanya kurang bahwa total eksposur yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan informasi yang sama dalam serangkaian gambar terpisah. Keuntungan utamanya adalah bahwa seluruh seri untuk tomography paru dicapai pada fase pernapasan yang sama.
TOMOGRAFI panorama
peralatan khusus telah dikembangkan untuk memungkinkan radiografi pemindaian celah dari permukaan melengkung dari wajah dan kepala, terutama dari mandibula. Tems pantomography, orthopantomography dan tomografi panorama telah digunakan untuk menggambarkan jenis unit x-ray. Celah radiografi pemindaian hanya menggunakan foton tegak lurus balok utama dengan menggunakan masker menyebabkan collimate balok ke celah sempit. Kedua tabung x-ray dan film memutar melewati celah selama eksposur untuk tata letak struktur bunga, seperti bergulir cat dari roller ke dinding.
RINGKASAN
tomography adalah teknik radiografi gerak mempekerjakan untuk menunjukkan struktur berbaring di bidang jaringan sementara mengaburkan atau menghilangkan detail dalam gambar struktur di pesawat lain. Ini terutama menunjukkan bagian koronal, meskipun bagian sagital dari sebagian tubuh dan bagian melintang dari kepala dapat dicapai melalui Postioning. Prinsip tomografi didasarkan pada gerakan sinkron dari dua dari tiga unsur dalam sistem tomografi: tabung x-ray, objek dan reseptor gambar. Kebanyakan unit tomografi sinkronisasi gerakan tabung x-ray reseptor gambar dalam arah berlawanan sekitar titik tumpu stasioner selama eksposur. Gambar-gambar yang terletak di palne dari titik tumpu akan diproyeksikan ke persis lokasi yang sama pada reseptor gambar karena reseptor gambar bergerak tepat pada tingkat yang tepat untuk menjaga lokasi mereka. Benda lecated atas dan di bawah titik tumpu akan diproyeksikan ke lokasi varing pada reseptor gambar ketika bergerak, sehingga mengaburkan gambar mereka. Amplitudo tomografi, busur atau sudut adalah total jarak tabung perjalanan. Amplitudo eksposur, busur atau sudut adalah total jarak tabung perjalanan selama eksposur. Amplitudo paparan selalu sama dengan atau kurang dari amplitudo tomografi. Blur adalah goresan-goresan atau mengolesi yang menyebabkan hilangnya detail hampir semua dicatat benda luar bidang fokus dan dan dipengaruhi oleh amplitudo tomografi, jarak dari titik tumpu, jarak dari reseptor gambar dan orientasi gerakan tabung. Blur tepi dan margin blur disebut hantu. The palne fokus sering disebut sebagai bagian, meskipun istilah level bagian, tinggi lapisan, objek palne dan kedalaman fokus juga telah digunakan. Ini adalah wilayah di mana gambar menunjukkan memuaskan dicatat detail dan dikendalikan oleh tingkat titik tumpu, ketebalan bagian adalah lebar bidang fokus dan dikendalikan oleh sudut paparan. Jarak antara tingkat titik tumpu adalah interval bagian. Selama prosedur tomografi, interval bagian tidak boleh melebihi ketebalan bagian. Tomography pertama kali dicapai dengan gerakan inear. Kompleks atau pluridirectional gerakan tabung telah dikembangkan, yang meliputi melingkar, elips, angka delapan, trispiral dan hypocycloidal. Memilih faktor eksposur yang tepat untuk tomografi membutuhkan pertimbangan waktu sexposure, milliamperage dan kilovoltage. Teknik tomograpic khusus termasuk sudut sempit, wide angle, multifilm dan tomografi panorama.