Longitudinal Research. Researchers

Longitudinal Research. Researchers u'sihjf' longitudinal research examine features of people or other units at more than one time. It is usually more complex and costly than cross-sectional research but it is also more powerful, especially when researchers seek answers to questions about social change. Descriptive and explanatory researchers use longitudinal approaches. We will new consider three types of longitudinal research: time series, panel, and cohort.
Time-series research is a longitudinal study in
which the same type of information is collected on a group of people or other units across multiple time periods. Researchers can observe stability orcjuange in the features of the units or can track conditions over time. The study by Hastings and Hodge (1986) in Chapter*^ was a form of time-series research. Marvell and Moody's (1995) also used time series in their study on the impact of enhanced prison terms for felonies committed with guns.Their study is also a type of evaluation research, although few legislators base their actions on research, so the findings may not affect future laws or policy. The researchers examined the impact on firearm sentence-enhancement laws in the United States. The laws impose extra prison time or a minimum prison term for felonies committed with a gun. Such laws have been enacted in 49 states in the past 25 years. For 44 states that had strong sentence-enhancement laws, Marvell and Moody examined data on various features (e.g., prison population, crime rates, prison admissions, whether guns were used in specific crimes, etc.) for the years 1971 to 1993. They concluded, "We found little evidence to support the intended purposes of firearm sentencing enhancement, reducing crime rates and gun use" (1995:269).

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Penelitian longitudinal. Peneliti u'sihjf' Penelitian longitudinal memeriksa fitur orang atau unit lain di lebih dari satu kali. Hal ini biasanya lebih kompleks dan mahal daripada penelitian penampang tetapi juga lebih kuat, terutama ketika para peneliti mencari jawaban untuk pertanyaan tentang perubahan sosial. Deskriptif dan penjelasan peneliti menggunakan longitudinal pendekatan. Kami baru akan mempertimbangkan tiga jenis Penelitian longitudinal: waktu seri, panel, dan kelompok.Seri-penelitian adalah sebuah studi longitudinal diwhich the same type of information is collected on a group of people or other units across multiple time periods. Researchers can observe stability orcjuange in the features of the units or can track conditions over time. The study by Hastings and Hodge (1986) in Chapter*^ was a form of time-series research. Marvell and Moody's (1995) also used time series in their study on the impact of enhanced prison terms for felonies committed with guns.Their study is also a type of evaluation research, although few legislators base their actions on research, so the findings may not affect future laws or policy. The researchers examined the impact on firearm sentence-enhancement laws in the United States. The laws impose extra prison time or a minimum prison term for felonies committed with a gun. Such laws have been enacted in 49 states in the past 25 years. For 44 states that had strong sentence-enhancement laws, Marvell and Moody examined data on various features (e.g., prison population, crime rates, prison admissions, whether guns were used in specific crimes, etc.) for the years 1971 to 1993. They concluded, "We found little evidence to support the intended purposes of firearm sentencing enhancement, reducing crime rates and gun use" (1995:269).