(iii) Cutting: This operation is do

(iii) Cutting: This operation is done by means of hot chisels and consists of removing extra,
metal from the job before finishing it.
(iv) Bending: Bending of bars, flats and other such material is often done by a blacksmith. For
making a bend, first the portion at the bend location is heated and jumped (upset) on the outward
surface. This provides extra material so that after bending, the cross-section at the bend does not reduce
due to elongation.
(v) Punching and drifting: Punching means an operation in which a punch is forced through
the work piece to produce a rough hole.The job is heated, kept on the anvil and a punch of suitable size
is forced to about half the depth of the job by hammering. The job is then turned upside down and
punch is forced in from the otherside, this time through and through.
Punching is usually followed by drifting i.e, forcing a drift in the punched hole through and
through. This produces at better hole as regards its size and finish.
(vi) Setting down and finishing: Setting down is the operation by which the rounding of a
corner is removed to make it a square. It is done with the help of a set hammer. Finishing is the opera-
tion where the uneven surface of the forging is smoothened out with the use of a flatter or set hammer
and round stems are finished to size with the use of swages after the job has been roughly brought to
desired shape and size.
(vii) Forge welding: Sometimes, it may become necessary to join two pieces of metal. Forge
welding of steel is quite common and consists of heating the two ends to be joined to white heat
(1050°C – 1150°C). Then the two ends of steel are brought together having previously been given a
slight convex shape to the surfaces under joining. The surfaces are cleaned of scale. They are then
hammered together using borax as flux. The hammering is started from centre of the convex surface
and it progresses to the ends. This results in the slag being squeezed out of the joint.
Hammering is continued till a sound joint is produced. Several types of joints can be made viz.,
butt joint, scarf joint or splice joint.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

(iii) memotong: operasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan panas pahat dan terdiri dari ekstra,logam dari pekerjaan sebelum menyelesaikan itu.(iv) bending: Bending Bar, flat dan materi seperti itu sering dilakukan oleh pandai besi. Untukmembuat tikungan, pertama bagian di lokasi tikungan yang dipanaskan dan melompat (marah) pada lahiriahpermukaan. Ini menyediakan bahan tambahan sehingga setelah membungkuk, penampang di tikungan tidak mengurangikarena elongasi.(v) meninju dan hanyut: meninju berarti operasi di mana pukulan dipaksa melaluipotongan pekerjaan untuk menghasilkan sebuah lubang yang kasar.Pekerjaan dipanaskan, terus landasan dan pukulan ukuran cocokdipaksa untuk sekitar setengah dari kedalaman pekerjaan dengan menempa. Pekerjaan kemudian terbalik danpukulan dipaksa di dari pada otherside, kali ini melalui dan melalui.Meninju biasanya diikuti oleh melayang yaitu, memaksa drift meninju lubang melalui danmelalui. Ini menghasilkan di lubang yang lebih baik dalam hal ukuran dan selesai.(vi) menetapkan turun dan finishing: meletakkan adalah operasi yang pembulatansudut akan dihapus untuk membuat persegi. Hal ini dilakukan dengan bantuan sebuah palu yang ditetapkan. Finishing adalah opera -tion mana permukaan tidak rata penempaan lebih keluar dengan menggunakan palu menyanjung atau setdan batang bulat selesai ukuran dengan menggunakan swages setelah pekerjaan kasar telah dibawa kebentuk yang diinginkan dan ukuran.(vii) forge pengelasan: kadang-kadang, hal itu mungkin menjadi perlu untuk bergabung dengan dua buah logam. Forgewelding of steel is quite common and consists of heating the two ends to be joined to white heat(1050°C – 1150°C). Then the two ends of steel are brought together having previously been given aslight convex shape to the surfaces under joining. The surfaces are cleaned of scale. They are thenhammered together using borax as flux. The hammering is started from centre of the convex surfaceand it progresses to the ends. This results in the slag being squeezed out of the joint.Hammering is continued till a sound joint is produced. Several types of joints can be made viz.,butt joint, scarf joint or splice joint.