A2D. Risk-based approach to regulationRisk-based regulationThe higher  terjemahan - A2D. Risk-based approach to regulationRisk-based regulationThe higher  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

A2D. Risk-based approach to regulat

A2D. Risk-based approach to regulation
Risk-based regulation
The higher the perceived risk to the regulator’s objectives the greater the regulatory attention.

When the FSA took over from the previous insurance regulators it initially continued their less flexible ‘one size fits all’ approach that had only limited reference to the actual risk presented by individual firms. However, in 2003 it announced that, from that time forward, it intended to adopt a more flexible risk-based of the acceptance of Basel II (see section B) and brought insurance into line with banking, for which regulation had been risk-based for a number of years.

Therefore, the FSA now seeks to identify the key risks to its statutory objectives posed by individual firms, markets and market mechanism, and new developments and occurrences, and then allocates its regulatory resources according to the degree of risk assessed. Thus, the greater the perceived risk in respect of confidence in the financial system, customer protection, or financial crime, the higher is the priority for regulatory attention.

A risk-based approach means concentrating resources on specific firms, specific industry or market sectors or mechanism, or on specific themes of current concern, for example a particular type of product. Since regulatory action is now risk driven, routine monitoring visits have become only a minor feature of the framework. This approach recognizes the respective responsibilities both of consumers and of firms’ senior management, and the undesirability of seeking to remove all risk of feature from the financial system.

Aim of risk-based regulation
We expect firms to identify and manage the risks that they are bearing. No financial services regulator can attempt to operate a zero failure regime without both burdening the industry with high costs, which would inevitably be passed on to consumers, and sharply reducing consumer choice by eliminating products (including equity-based products), which includes an element of risk. Moreover, no regulatory regime can guarantee to prevent fraud and its consequences. Our regulatory approach is designed to enable us to identify, and take mitigating action in respect of, significant risks to our objectives (with ‘significant; being judged in terms of both the probability of a risk crystallizing and the impact if it were to crystallize), but is not designed to ensure that there are no failures. This approach is consistent with our principles of good regulation.

The implication of the risk-based approach is that risk is at the heart of everything the FSA does as a regulator:
• It influences the nature of the regulation itself (i.e. what is covered by the regulation);
• It affects the way in which the regulator conducts itself and how it looks at firms (firms are individually risk assessed, and greater regulatory effort is expended on higher risk firms); and
• It is embedded throughout the regulations themselves (the requirement for firms to identify and manage risk and establish appropriate control systems are constantly mentioned).

FSA and firms: Different views of risk
The FSA, in terms of the regulations created and the role it performs, considers risk in terms of risk to the achievement of its statutory objectives. From the high level nature of its strategic objectives, the risks that the FSA is seeking to manage are extremely complex and pervasive, with multiple potential causes spread across both firms and markets. Whereas risk and risk management within a company relates to the entire range of risks (both straightforward and complex) that the firm faces in conducting its business, which have only an indirect connection to the FSA’s statutory objectives.


A2E. Principles-based regulation
We saw earlier that the Chief Executive of the FSA said: ‘We do not hear arguments about the existence of regulation…but we do hear extensive debate about how regulation is conducted’.

In reality, the FSA had a thankless task. It had to respond to the various demands of the UK Government, the EU Commission, the UK financial services industry, and a vocal consumer lobby. Moreover, it took over the responsibilities of a dozen specialist regulators. A trade journal for IFAs expressed the view of many by suggesting that the FSA has been over-stretched.

Doing too much?
The FSA has grown into a mighty regulator, but at many times it appears to have too many plates spinning at once and not enough people to catch them when they fall.

In 2006 the FSA decided to become less prescriptive. It said that in future it would concentrate increasingly on general principles rather than imposing detailed rules. This ‘principles-based’ regulation differs significantly from the approach taken in the past. It differs also from that in some other regimes, notably the USA, where the regulators set out specific rules to cover almost every possible contingency. This transformation to principles-based regulation is likely to be gradual, although a number of sourcebooks have already been withdrawn and some others simplified.

Such a focus away from detailed rules onto high-level principles should result in much less bureaucracy and cost, and should simplify the subject of regulation for all involved. In turn this should lead to lower prices and improved customer service. As far as firms are concerned, it undoubtedly means that key decisions will be pushed further up the organization structure, placing more pressure on the Board and senior management.

Greater responsibility for the Board
We understand that this more overt responsibility will, for some boards, represent a new and difficult challenge and they will need the experience and insight to make sound judgment calls and be willing to accept the responsibility.



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A2D. Pendekatan berbasis risiko peraturanPeraturan berbasis risikoSemakin tinggi risiko dirasakan regulator tujuan yang lebih besar perhatian peraturan.Ketika FSA mengambil alih dari regulator asuransi sebelumnya itu awalnya melanjutkan pendekatan mereka kurang fleksibel 'satu ukuran cocok untuk semua' yang memiliki hanya terbatas referensi untuk resiko sebenarnya yang disajikan oleh masing-masing perusahaan. Namun, pada 2003 itu mengumumkan bahwa, dari waktu yang maju, itu dimaksudkan untuk mengadopsi lebih fleksibel berbasis risiko dari penerimaan Basel II (Lihat bagian B) dan asuransi membawa ke garis dengan perbankan, yang peraturan telah berbasis risiko selama beberapa tahun.Oleh karena itu, FSA sekarang berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi risiko utama untuk tujuannya perundang-undangan yang ditimbulkan oleh masing-masing perusahaan, pasar dan mekanisme pasar, dan perkembangan baru dan kejadian, dan kemudian mengalokasikan sumber daya regulasi berdasarkan tingkat risiko yang dinilai. Dengan demikian, semakin besar risiko dirasakan dalam hal kepercayaan terhadap sistem keuangan, perlindungan konsumen, atau kejahatan finansial, semakin tinggi merupakan prioritas perhatian peraturan.Sebuah pendekatan berbasis risiko berarti berkonsentrasi sumber daya pada perusahaan tertentu, sektor industri atau pasar tertentu atau mekanisme, atau pada tema tertentu saat ini menjadi perhatian, misalnya jenis tertentu produk. Karena tindakan pengaturan sekarang risiko didorong, kunjungan rutin pemantauan telah menjadi hanya sebuah fitur kecil dari kerangka. Pendekatan ini mengakui tanggung jawab masing-masing konsumen dan perusahaan manajemen senior, dan undesirability mencari untuk menghapus semua risiko fitur dari sistem keuangan.Tujuan peraturan berbasis risikoKami berharap perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola risiko yang mereka bantalan. Tidak ada layanan keuangan regulator dapat mencoba untuk mengoperasikan sebuah rezim kegagalan nol tanpa membebani industri dengan biaya tinggi, yang akan pasti akan diteruskan kepada konsumen, maupun tajam mengurangi pilihan konsumen dengan menghilangkan produk (termasuk produk-produk berbasis ekuitas), yang mencakup unsur risiko. Selain itu, rezim peraturan tidak dapat menjamin untuk mencegah penipuan dan konsekuensi-konsekuensinya. Pendekatan kami peraturan dirancang untuk memungkinkan kita untuk mengidentifikasi, dan mengambil tindakan mitigasi atas, risiko yang signifikan untuk tujuan kami (dengan ' signifikan; dihakimi dalam hal kedua kemungkinan risiko mengkristal dan dampak jika itu mengkristal), tetapi tidak dirancang untuk memastikan bahwa tidak ada kegagalan. Pendekatan ini konsisten dengan prinsip-prinsip kami baik peraturan.Implikasi dari pendekatan berbasis risiko adalah bahwa risiko adalah inti dari serangkaian FSA sebagai regulator:• Ini mempengaruhi sifat peraturan itu sendiri (yaitu apa yang dicakup oleh peraturan);• Mempengaruhi cara di mana regulator melakukan itu sendiri dan how it looks di perusahaan (perusahaan secara individual risiko dinilai, dan peraturan usaha yang lebih besar adalah dikeluarkan pada lebih tinggi risiko perusahaan); dan• Tertanam seluruh peraturan sendiri (kebutuhan perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola risiko dan membangun sistem kontrol yang sesuai yang terus-menerus disebutkan).FSA dan perusahaan: pandangan yang berbeda dari risikoFSA, dalam hal peraturan yang dibuat dan peran itu melakukan, menganggap risiko dalam hal risiko untuk pencapaian tujuan perundang-undangan. Dari sifat tingkat tinggi tujuan strategis, risiko yang FSA berusaha untuk mengelola sangat kompleks dan meresap, dengan beberapa penyebab potensi yang tersebar di seluruh perusahaan dan pasar. Sedangkan risiko dan risiko manajemen dalam sebuah perusahaan berhubungan dengan seluruh rentang risiko (sederhana dan kompleks) bahwa perusahaan menghadapi dalam memimpin bisnis ini, yang memiliki hanya koneksi langsung ke tujuan FSA perundang-undangan.A2E. Peraturan berbasis prinsipKami melihat sebelumnya bahwa kepala eksekutif FSA berkata: "kita tidak mendengar argumen tentang keberadaan peraturan... tapi kita mendengar luas perdebatan tentang bagaimana peraturan dilakukan".Pada kenyataannya, FSA mempunyai tugas yang dihargai. Itu untuk menanggapi berbagai tuntutan pemerintah Inggris, Komisi Uni Eropa, industri jasa keuangan UK dan lobi vokal konsumen. Selain itu, ia mengambil alih tanggung jawab selusin spesialis regulator. Jurnal perdagangan untuk by: Zulfa Jamalie menyatakan pandangan banyak dengan menyarankan bahwa FSA telah over membentang.Melakukan terlalu banyak?FSA telah tumbuh menjadi regulator perkasa, tetapi banyak kali itu tampaknya memiliki terlalu banyak piring berputar sekaligus dan tidak cukup banyak orang untuk menangkap mereka ketika mereka jatuh.Pada tahun 2006 FSA memutuskan untuk menjadi kurang preskriptif. Dikatakan bahwa di masa depan itu akan berkonsentrasi semakin pada prinsip-prinsip umum daripada memaksakan aturan rinci. Peraturan ini 'berbasis prinsip' berbeda secara signifikan dari pendekatan yang diambil di masa lalu. Ini juga berbeda dari yang dalam rezim beberapa yang lain, terutama Amerika Serikat, dimana regulator ditetapkan aturan tertentu untuk menutupi hampir setiap mungkin kebetulan. Transformasi ini peraturan berbasis prinsip ini cenderung secara bertahap, meskipun sejumlah sourcebooks telah ditarik dan beberapa orang lain disederhanakan.Fokus dari aturan rinci ke prinsip-prinsip tingkat tinggi akan menghasilkan lebih sedikit birokrasi dan biaya, dan harus menyederhanakan subjek peraturan untuk semua yang terlibat. Pada gilirannya hal ini harus mengarah pada harga yang lebih rendah dan meningkatkan layanan pelanggan. Sejauh sebagai perusahaan bersangkutan, itu pasti berarti bahwa keputusan-keputusan kunci akan mendorong lebih lanjut struktur organisasi, menempatkan lebih banyak tekanan pada Dewan dan manajemen senior. Lebih besar tanggung jawab DewanKami memahami bahwa tanggung-jawab lebih terang-terangan ini akan, untuk beberapa papan, mewakili sebuah tantangan baru dan sulit dan mereka akan perlu pengalaman dan wawasan untuk membuat penilaian panggilan dan bersedia untuk menerima tanggung jawab.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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A2D. Risk-based approach to regulation
Risk-based regulation
The higher the perceived risk to the regulator’s objectives the greater the regulatory attention.

When the FSA took over from the previous insurance regulators it initially continued their less flexible ‘one size fits all’ approach that had only limited reference to the actual risk presented by individual firms. However, in 2003 it announced that, from that time forward, it intended to adopt a more flexible risk-based of the acceptance of Basel II (see section B) and brought insurance into line with banking, for which regulation had been risk-based for a number of years.

Therefore, the FSA now seeks to identify the key risks to its statutory objectives posed by individual firms, markets and market mechanism, and new developments and occurrences, and then allocates its regulatory resources according to the degree of risk assessed. Thus, the greater the perceived risk in respect of confidence in the financial system, customer protection, or financial crime, the higher is the priority for regulatory attention.

A risk-based approach means concentrating resources on specific firms, specific industry or market sectors or mechanism, or on specific themes of current concern, for example a particular type of product. Since regulatory action is now risk driven, routine monitoring visits have become only a minor feature of the framework. This approach recognizes the respective responsibilities both of consumers and of firms’ senior management, and the undesirability of seeking to remove all risk of feature from the financial system.

Aim of risk-based regulation
We expect firms to identify and manage the risks that they are bearing. No financial services regulator can attempt to operate a zero failure regime without both burdening the industry with high costs, which would inevitably be passed on to consumers, and sharply reducing consumer choice by eliminating products (including equity-based products), which includes an element of risk. Moreover, no regulatory regime can guarantee to prevent fraud and its consequences. Our regulatory approach is designed to enable us to identify, and take mitigating action in respect of, significant risks to our objectives (with ‘significant; being judged in terms of both the probability of a risk crystallizing and the impact if it were to crystallize), but is not designed to ensure that there are no failures. This approach is consistent with our principles of good regulation.

The implication of the risk-based approach is that risk is at the heart of everything the FSA does as a regulator:
• It influences the nature of the regulation itself (i.e. what is covered by the regulation);
• It affects the way in which the regulator conducts itself and how it looks at firms (firms are individually risk assessed, and greater regulatory effort is expended on higher risk firms); and
• It is embedded throughout the regulations themselves (the requirement for firms to identify and manage risk and establish appropriate control systems are constantly mentioned).

FSA and firms: Different views of risk
The FSA, in terms of the regulations created and the role it performs, considers risk in terms of risk to the achievement of its statutory objectives. From the high level nature of its strategic objectives, the risks that the FSA is seeking to manage are extremely complex and pervasive, with multiple potential causes spread across both firms and markets. Whereas risk and risk management within a company relates to the entire range of risks (both straightforward and complex) that the firm faces in conducting its business, which have only an indirect connection to the FSA’s statutory objectives.


A2E. Principles-based regulation
We saw earlier that the Chief Executive of the FSA said: ‘We do not hear arguments about the existence of regulation…but we do hear extensive debate about how regulation is conducted’.

In reality, the FSA had a thankless task. It had to respond to the various demands of the UK Government, the EU Commission, the UK financial services industry, and a vocal consumer lobby. Moreover, it took over the responsibilities of a dozen specialist regulators. A trade journal for IFAs expressed the view of many by suggesting that the FSA has been over-stretched.

Doing too much?
The FSA has grown into a mighty regulator, but at many times it appears to have too many plates spinning at once and not enough people to catch them when they fall.

In 2006 the FSA decided to become less prescriptive. It said that in future it would concentrate increasingly on general principles rather than imposing detailed rules. This ‘principles-based’ regulation differs significantly from the approach taken in the past. It differs also from that in some other regimes, notably the USA, where the regulators set out specific rules to cover almost every possible contingency. This transformation to principles-based regulation is likely to be gradual, although a number of sourcebooks have already been withdrawn and some others simplified.

Such a focus away from detailed rules onto high-level principles should result in much less bureaucracy and cost, and should simplify the subject of regulation for all involved. In turn this should lead to lower prices and improved customer service. As far as firms are concerned, it undoubtedly means that key decisions will be pushed further up the organization structure, placing more pressure on the Board and senior management.

Greater responsibility for the Board
We understand that this more overt responsibility will, for some boards, represent a new and difficult challenge and they will need the experience and insight to make sound judgment calls and be willing to accept the responsibility.



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